An individual developed a condition characterized by progressive muscular weakness and aching muscle cramps. Fasting. exercise, and a high-fat diet aggravated the symptoms. The homogenate of a skeletal muscle specimen from the patient oxidized added oleate more skowly than did control homogenates consisting of muscle specimens from healthy individuals. When the pathologist added carnitine to the patient's muscle homogenate, the rate of oleate oxidation equaled that in the control homogenates. Based on these results, the attending physician diagnosed the patient as having a carnitine deficiency. Why did added carnitine increase the rate of oleate oxidation in the patient's muscle homogenate? The carnitine shuttle transports coenzyme A across the mitochondrial membrane to aid in fatty acid oxidation. Carnitine is a required cofactor for the fatty acid oxidation enzyme acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The carnitine-mediated entry of fatty acids into mitochondria is the rate-limiting step in fatty acid oxidation. Carnitine is a citric acid cycle intermediate and, without it, acetyl-CoA builds up, inhibiting fatty acid oxidation Why did fasting, exercise, and a high-fat diet aggravate the paticat's symptoms?

Nitrogenase complexes are irreversibly inactivated by oxygen. Explain how nitrogen-fixing bacteria solve this problem.

Cytochrome a is a component of: Complex I Complex II Complex III Complex IV

Part a) Which graph has the largest kcat? Please explain. Part b) Which graph has the tightest substrate binding? Please explain. Part c) Which graph has the largest specificity or efficiency constant? Please explain.

What is the action level of Naphthalene for marine aquatic organisms in Canada? What guidelines would this be found in?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration but not fermentation. It can produce H2Sdoes not produce tryptophanase, and is motile by a flagellum . Based on the above characteristics, describe your expected results for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a SIM deep .

It is required to recover active extracellular enzymes from a completed fermentation mediumthat also consists of proteins (<200,000 molecular weight cut-off (MWCO)) and bacterial cells (1-2μm). A cross-flow 0.35 μm microfiltration (MF) with retentate recycled back to the fermenter willbe used over a period of 5 hours during which time flux is assumed to decline linearly. After 5 hours, assuming 95% of the bacteria are retained and given the additionalinformation below, what is the concertation of bacteria remaining in the fermenter and what area,in m2 , of MF membrane is needed? Initial bacterial concentration = 1.2 gdcw /L (dcw = dry cell weight)Volume of medium at the beginning = 15 m3Volume of medium left in the fermenter after 5 hours filtering = 1 m3Initial (starting flux) = 6.5 x 10-5 m sec -1Final flux (after 5 hours of filtering) = 3.9 x 10-5 m sec -

If an organism tests positive for catalase, which of the following is MOST likely true about the organism?   It can only do homolactic fermentation It returns nitrogen back to the atmosphere It can break down plasma membranes It creates H2O as a product of respiration

What Organism could this be?

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen and can cause serious illness in humans by producing toxins that can severely damage the lining of intestines and kidneys. What are the oxygen requirements of coli? What result would you observe in the MTM agar deep test? Explain. Research on the growth requirements of this bacterium is required. What is the role of oxygen and cytochrome c oxidase in aerobic respiration? Why does the nitrate reduction tube turn red after the addition of zinc? Clostridium tetani is a common soil bacterium and causes tetanus. Would you expect tetani to possess the enzyme catalase? Explain. Research on the growth requirements of this bacterium is required.