An experimental drug has been shown to be 75% effective in eliminating symptoms of allergies in animal studies. A small human study involving six participants is conducted. What is the probability that the drug is effective on half of the participants?

An experimental drug has been shown to be 75% effective in eliminating symptoms of allergies in animal studies. A small human study involving six participants is conducted. What is the probability that the drug is effective on half of the participants?

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134753119

Author:Sheldon Ross

Publisher:Sheldon Ross

Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...

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When neither the subject nor those having contact with the subject know the treatment assignment, the study is called unbiased. double-blind. blind. statistically significant. randomized.
Determine whether the results below appear to have statistical significance, and also determine whether the results have practical significance. In a study of a weight loss program, 6 subjects lost an average of 45 lbs. It is found that there is about a 39% chance of getting such results with a diet that has no effect. Does the weight loss program have statistical significance? A. Yes, the program is statistically significant because the results are unlikely to occur by chance. B. No, the program is not statistically significant because the results are likely to occur by chance. C. No, the program is not statistically significant because the results are unlikely to occur by chance. D. Yes, the program is statistically significant because the results are likely to occur by chance. Does the weight loss program have practical significance? A. No, the program is not practically significant because the amount of weight lost is…
A case-control study is conducted to assess the relationship between heavy alcohol use during the first trimester of pregnancy and miscarriage. Fifty women who suffered miscarriage are enrolled along with 50 who delivered full term. Each participant’s use of alcohol during pregnancy is ascertained. Heavy drinking is defined as 4 or more drinks on one occasion. The data are shown below. Miscarriage Delivered Full Term Heavy Alcohol Use 14 4 No Heavy Alcohol Use 36 46 a. Compute the odds of miscarriage in women with heavy alcohol use in pregnancy. b. Compute the odds of miscarriage in women with no heavy alcohol use in pregnancy. c. Compute is the odds ratio for miscarriage as a function of heavy alcohol use.
Teenagers who do not sleep well or long enough may have a higher risk of raised blood pressure, which could lead to cardiovascular disease later in life. The odds of raised blood pressure increase 3.5 times for those who have trouble falling asleep at night or who wake up too early and 2.5 times for those with sleeping periods of fewer than 6.5 hours. A health psychologist is interested in studying teenagers who have diastolic blood pressure scores in the top 20%. Diastolic blood pressure scores for teenagers follow a normal distribution with μ = 72 and σ = 10. Use the Distributions tool to help answer the questions that follow. The minimum z-score necessary to be in the top 20% of the diastolic blood pressure distribution is z =0.842 . Use this z-score to determine X, the corresponding diastolic blood pressure score. X = 80.42 This score, X, is the 80th percentile of diastolic blood pressure scores among teenagers. The percentile rank of this score is 80%…
Public Agenda conducted a survey of 1379 parents and 1342 students in grades 6-12 regarding the importance of science and mathematics for success in life after school. 50% of the students thought these skills were essential and 62% of the parents thought these subjects were crucial for success. The two random samples were selected independently of each other. Is there enough evidence to conclude that the proportion of parents who feel science and math are important for success is higher than the proportion of students who feel the same way? Conduct your test with a level of significance of 0.05.
Acne is a common skin disease that affects most adolescents and can continue into adulthood. A study compared the effectiveness of three acne treatments and a placebo, all in gel form, applied twice daily for 12 weeks. The study's 517 teenage volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. Success was assessed as clear or almost clear skin at the end of the 12 week period. The results of the study can be seen in the table below. Using the appropriate statistical test, determine if there is significant evidence that the four treatments perform differently. If so, how do they compare.
A hospital claims that 40% of its patients request a telephone. you are interested in disproving this claim. you select a random sample of 250 patients and find that 85% requested a telephone. what is the test statistic for this test?
Suppose an investigator has studied the possible association between the use of a weight-loss drug and a rare central nervous system (CNS) disorder. He samples from a group of volunteers with and without the disorder, and records whether they have used the weight-loss drug. The data are summarized in the attached table: What is the estimated the odds ratio for the presence of a CNS disorder, comparing people who have used the weight-loss drug to those who have not? What test would you use to evaluate the null hypothesis of no association between weight-loss drug use and presence of a CNS disorder?
You have two biased coins. Coin A comes up heads with probability 0.45. Coin B comes up heads with probability 0.7. However, you are not sure which is which so you choose a coin randomly and you flip it. If the flip is heads, you guess that the flipped coin is B;otherwise, you guess that the flipped coin is A. Let events A and B designate which coin was picked. What is the probability P[C] that your guess is correct?
In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, monkeys were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 117 of 750 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. After the second dose, 74 of 631 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a higher proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced drowsiness as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the a = 0.05 level of significance? Determine the P-value for this hypothesis test. (Round to three decimal places as needed.) Interpret the P-value. If the population proportions are one would expect a sample difference proportion the one observed in about out of 1000 repetitions of this experiment. (Round to the nearest integer as needed.) State the conclusion for this hypothesis test. A. Reject Ho.…
Dr. Sloane is doing a study to test the association between alcohol consumption and the occurrence of cancer of the liver. He chooses a hospital-based sample and collects all newly diagnosed cases of histologically confirmed liver cancer diagnosed at that hospital. For his control group, he reviews the charts of all patients coming through all the clinics at this hospital who are not diagnosed with liver cancer. He makes sure that the cases and controls are similar by age and sex. A. Looking at the odds ratios and the p-values together, describe your observations. B. Looking at the p-values, what do they tell you about the strength of the association between drinking different amounts of alcohol per day and the risk of having liver cancer?
A dowser has correctly located water for a well 1 out of 2 times in Jones County. In Jones County, someone who is just guessing has a 40% chance of locating water for a well. Does this sample provide sufficient evidence that the dowser can locate water and is not just guessing?