An electric windshield defroster is used to remove 0.25-in of ice from a windshield. The properties of the ice are Tsat = 328F, uif = hif = 144 Btu/lbm, and v = 0.01602 ft3/lbm. Determine the electrical energy required per square foot of windshield surface area to melt this ice and remove it as liquid water at 328F. What is the minimum temperature at which the defroster may be operated? Assume that no heat is transferred from the defroster or ice to the surroundings.

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