An elderly gentleman has recently been diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver. He admits to being a heavy drinker. This man is your patient. Given the damage to his liver, you would have concerns about all of the following except a. regulating his ability to maintain body temperature, because of decreased thyroid hormone levels. b. internal bleeding, because he has impaired ability to synthesize clotting proteins. c. edema, because of impaired synthesis of plasma proteins (e.g., albumin). d. jaundice, because his liver is less efficient at removing bilirubin from the blood.

Type I diabetes is caused by destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, the cells that produce insulin. In most cases, the beta cells are destroyed by an immune response. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in triggering the immune response.   NOD mice develop a disease very much like Type I diabetes. (NOD mouse = non-obese, diabetic, mouse). If you transfer plasma from a NOD mouse to a normal mouse, the normal is not affected. If you transfer lymphocytes (WBCs white blood cells) from a NOD mouse, the normal mouse develops diabetes. The first people to figure this out found they had to transfer two types of WBC to transfer diabetes. After some experiments, they found that under the right conditions, they only had to transfer one type of cell to cause diabetes in the recipient.   B-1. Consider the one type of WBC that can cause diabetes by itself. Which type is it likely to be? (B cells) (helper T cells) (cytotoxic T cells) (either type of T cell) (any of these)…

Osmoregulation is a process that helps control the amount of water in the blood stream. One of the main hormones involved in this is ADH, which is released by the posterior pituitary gland a) With reference to at least this hormone, explain the negative feedback mechanism that occurs when the body is dehydrated. b) Following on from the above, explain what happens when there is too much water in the blood stream. Again you should refer to ADH as part of your answer.

: If the patient were on unfractionated heparin, which of the following would be true? [Select all that apply] The drug would allosterically modify antithrombin III The drug would cause inhibition of factor Xa The drug would cause inhibition of thrombin The drug would cause inhibition of GPIIa/IIIb

JH, a 53 year-old female, had not been feeling well lately and suddenly started to feel acutely worse. She started to have shortness of breath, and was experiencing an irregular heartbeat, chest pain, muscle weakness, and feelings of severe nausea. She called 911 and was taken to the hospital where blood samples were drawn. The following table summarizes the results of her bloodwork (Table 1) Table 1: JH ion concentrations at intake (blood). lon Plasma concentration - measured (mM) Plasma concentration - normal (mM) K+ 8 5 Na+ 142 142 Cl- 105 105 Ca2+ 2.5 2.5 JH was diagnosed with hyperkalemia and ordered IV fluids. The IV fluids she was given contained calcium gluconate and insulin. Her potassium levels were monitored over a 24-hour period and were as summarized in Table 2. Table 2. JH potassium concentrations post-IV fluids (blood). Time (hours) Measured plasma K+ (in mM) 0 8.0 3 7.1 6 6.4 9 5.9 12 5.6 15 5.3 18 5.1 21 5.0 24 5.0   Calculalated…

Bone-marrow transplantations are often conducted without touching the bone-marrow.  Instead, stem cells from peripheral blood of the donor are injected into the vein of the recipient.  How can this be called bone-marrow transplantation?  What type of stem cells is transferred?  By what process do the stem cells get to the bone marrow?

A 13 month old boy was admitted to a small rural hospital. He had been in a normal state of health until 10 days prior, at which time he had developed an upper respiratory tract infection. He experienced increasing problems with his balance and became lethargic. These symptoms prompted his mother to seek medical attention at the hospital where pertinent laboratory results at admission showed a serum glucose level of 23 mg/dL and moderate ketones in the urine and serum. An intravenous solution of 5% dextrose was initiated to correct the low glucose level. Because the clinical picture resembled Reye’s syndrome, the child was transferred to a medical center hospital for a definitive diagnosis. Laboratory results on admission to the medical center hospital.   CASE STUDY TABLE: Admission Laboratory Results HEMATOCRIT & DIFFERENTIAL COUNT HEMATOCRIT & DIFFERENTIAL COUNT RESULT Hematocrit 37% WBC Count 128 x 10⁹/L Bands 28% Segmented 46% Lymphocytes…

essure Choose... Choose... of sensation over the whole body Choose... diuretic e growth of microorganisms vasodilator vasoconstrictor nates pain bronchoconstrictor cretion of urine local anesthetic od vessels general anesthetic chial tubes anticonvulsant antibiotic antipruritic scles and nerves: anticoagulant analgesics antiemetic antacid omyitis antihypertensive ral bronchdilator uron DELL

Vitamin B12 cannot be produced by the human body but instead must be obtained from your diet. A patient has a diagnosis of pernicious anemia (Megaloblastic anemia). Explain the most common underlying cause of this disorder and explain how it is treated?

Diabetes type .....is characterized by.....effectively be managed by diet and exercise. 1 (one); an inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient levels of insulin O Il (two); an inability of the body to respond to insulin produced by the pancreas O Ill (three); the inability of the body to release glucose into the blood stream an emergency in response to adrenaline. O I (two);an inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient levels of insulin O 1 (one);an inability of the body to respond to insulin produced by the pancreas