An ecologist uses an environmental sensor approach measure net ecosystem productivity, which is 100 g C/ m2 / day. She knows plant respiration is 20 g C/ m2 / day and respiration from all consumers (including soil organisms) is also 20 g C/ m2 / day. Based on this information she calculates gross primary production (units g C/ m2/ day) as: 140 60 40 100
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- Interpreting Data In a classic study, John Teal measured energy flow in a salt marsh ecosystem. The table below shows some of his results. Form of energy Kcal/m?/yr Efficiency of energy transfer (%) Sunlight 600,000 n/a Chemical energy in producers Chemical energy in primary consumers 6,585 81 Data from: J. M. Teal, Energy Flow in the Salt Marsh Ecosystem of Georgia. Ecology 43: 614-24 (1962). a. Calculate the efficiency of energy transfer by the producers. That is, what percentage of the energy in sunlight was converted into chemical energy and incorporated into plant biomass? b. Calculate the efficiency of energy transfer by the primary consumers. What percentage of the energy in plant biomass was incorporated into the bodies of the primary consumers? What became of the rest of the energy? c. How much energy is available for secondary consumers? Based on the efficiency of energy transfer by primary consumers, estimate how much energy will be available to tertiary consumers. d. Draw a…Approximately how many kilograms (kg) of carnivore (secondary consumer) biomass can be supported by an area of a field containing 100 kg of plant material (assuming 10% efficiency in energy transfer)? O 10 O 100 O 1 O 1,000estimate the total primary production in the oceans (in million metric tons carbon) using the following information - 92% of oceans are open ocen with an average productivity of 125 gC/m2/yr - 8% of the oceans are coastal, with an average productivity of 2,000 gC/m2/yr - remember a metric ton is 1,000 Kg
- This conceptual model to the right shows the flow of energy through a spring ecosystem in Silver Springs, Florida from Figure 46.8 in your textbook. 7a. Which value/number on this diagram represents gross primary productivity (GPP)? Express using the units kcal/m?/yr. Sunlight 1,700,000 kcalim?lyr Primary producers 13,187 20,810 7,618 4,250 Primary consumers 7b. Which value/number represents net primary productivity (NPP)? Express using the units kcal/m?/yr. 2,265 3,368 1,103 720 Secondary consumers 272 383 111 90 7c. What accounts for the difference in GPP and NPP? Tertiary consumers 16 21 5 Decomposers 7d. What is the efficiency of energy transfer between the primary producers and the primary consumers? Is this more or less efficient than the transfer between a 5,060 5,060 Total heat and respiration 20,810 secondary consumer and tertiary consumer? Explain. respiration + heat to decomposersWhich of the following statements BEST describes energy transfer in an ecosystem? A. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. B. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. C. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 175 kcal from the secondary consumer. D. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the secondary consumer.This conceptual model to the right shows the flow of energy through a spring ecosystem in Silver Springs, Florida from Figure 46.8 in your textbook. 7a. Which value/number on this diagram represents gross primary productivity (GPP)? Express using the units kcal/m?/yr. Sunlight 1,700,000 kcal/m?lyr Primary producers 13,187 20,810 7,618 4,250 Primary consumers 7b. Which value/number represents net primary productivity (NPP)? Express using the units kcal/m²/yr. 2,265 3,368 1,103 720 Secondary consumers 272 383 111 90 7c. What accounts for the difference in GPP and NPP? Tertiary consumers 16 21 Decomposers 7d. What is the efficiency of energy transfer between the primary producers and the primary consumers? Is this more or less efficient than the transfer between a secondary consumer and tertiary consumer? Explain. 5,060 5,060 Total heat and respiration 20,810 respiration + heat to decomposers
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