An bb gun pellet which has a of mass 20 g is shot horizontally into a foam board with a velocity of 60 m/s. It penetrates a depth of 20 cm before stopping. What force was required to stop the pellet? a) 180 N b) 360 N c) 90 N d) 45 N

An bb gun pellet which has a of mass 20 g is shot horizontally into a foam board with a velocity of 60 m/s. It penetrates a depth of 20 cm before stopping. What force was required to stop the pellet? a) 180 N b) 360 N c) 90 N d) 45 N

Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics

10th Edition

ISBN:9781337553292

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter9: Linear Momentum And Collisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 32P: A garden hose is held as shown in Figure P9.32. The hose is originally full of motionless water....

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Given the following data for a fire extinguisher-toy wagon rocket experiment, calculate the average exhaust velocity of the gases expelled from the extinguisher. Starting from rest, the final velocity is 10.0 m/s. The total mass is initially 75.0 kg and is 70.0 kg after the extinguisher is fired.
In research in cardiology and exercise physiology, it is often important to know the mast of blood pumped by a persons bran in one stroke. This information can be obtained by means of a ballistocardiograph. The instrument works as follows: The subject lies on a horizontal pallet floating on a film of air. Friction on the pallet is negligible. Initially, the momentum of the system is zero. When the heart beats, it expels a mass m of blood into the aorta with speed v, and the body and platform move in the opposite direction with speed V. The speed of the blood tan be determined independently (e.g., by observing an ultrasound Doppler shift). Assume that the bloods speed is 50.0 cm/s in one typical trial. The mass of the subject plus the pallet is 54.0 kg. The pallet moves at a speed of 6.00 105 m in 0.160 s after one heartbeat. Calculate the mass of blood that leaves the heart. Assume that the mass of blood is negligible compared with the total mass of the person. This simplified example illustrates the principle of ballistocardiography, but in practice a more sophisticated model of heart function is used.
NASAs Saturn V rockets that launched astronauts to the moon were powered by the strongest rocket engine ever developed, providing 6.77 106 N of thrust while burning fuel at a rate of 2.63 103 kg/s. Calculate the engines exhaust speed.
A model rocket engine has an average thrust of 5.26 N. It has an initial mass of 25.5 g, which includes fuel mass of 12.7 g. The duration of its burn is 1.90 s. (a) What is the average exhaust speed of the engine? (b) This engine is placed in a rocket body of mass 53.5 g. What is the final velocity of the rocket if it were to be fired from rest in outer space by an astronaut on a spacewalk? Assume the fuel burns at a constant rate.
You are part of a team in an engineering class that is working on a scale model of a new design for a life vest. You have been asked to find the mass of a piece of foam that will be used for flotation. Because the piece is too bulky to fit on your balance, you break it into two parts. You measure the mass of the first part as 128.3 0.3 g and the second part as 77.0 0.3 g. a. What are the maximum and minimum values for the total mass you might reasonably report? b. What is the best estimate for the total mass of the foam? Hint: Propagation of uncertainty is described in Appendix A.
Two identical steel balls, each of mass 67.4 g, are moving in opposite directions at 5.00 m/s. They collide head-on and bounce apart elastically. By squeezing one of the balls in a vise while precise measurements are made of the resulting amount of compression, you find that Hookes law is a good model of the balls elastic behavior. A force of 16.0 kN exerted by each jaw of the vise reduces the diameter by 0.200 mm. Model the motion of each ball, while the balls are in contact, as one-half of a cycle of simple harmonic motion. Compute the time interval for which the balls are in contact. (If yon solved Problem 57 in Chapter 7, compare your results from this problem with your results from that one.)
A 2.00-kg particle has a velocity (2.00i3.00j)m/s, and a 3.00-kg particle has a velocity (1.00i+6.00j)m/s. Find (a) the velocity of the center of mass and (b) the total momentum of the system.
In research in cardiology and exercise physiology, it is often important to know the mast of blood pumped by a persons bran in one stroke. This information can be obtained by means of a ballistocardiograph. The instrument works as follows: The subject lies on a horizontal pallet floating on a film of air. Friction on the pallet is negligible. Initially, the momentum of the system is zero. When the heart beats, it expels a mass m of blood into the aorta with speed v, and the body and platform move in the opposite direction with speed V. The speed of the blood tan be determined independently (e.g., by observing an ultrasound Doppler shift). Assume that the bloods speed is 50.0 cm/s in one typical trial. The mass of the subject plus the pallet is 54.0 kg. The pallet moves at a speed of 6.00 105 m in 0.160 s after one heartbeat. Calculate the mass of blood that leaves the heart. Assume that the mass of blood is negligible compared with the total mass of the person. This simplified example illustrates the principle of ballistocardiography, but in practice a more sophisticated model of heart function is used.
A rocket for use in deep space is to be capable of boosting a total load (payload plus rocket frame and engine) of 3.00 metric tons to a speed of 10 000 m/s. (a) It has an engine and fuel designed to produce an exhaust speed of 2 000 m/s. How much fuel plus oxidizer is required? (b) If a different fuel and engine design could give an exhaust speed of 5 000 m/s, what amount of fuel and oxidizer would be required for the same task? (c) Noting that the exhaust speed in part (b) is 2.50 times higher than that in part (a), explain why the required fuel mass is not simply smaller by a factor of 2.50.
Two identical steel balls, each of diameter 25.4 nun and moving in opposite directions at 5 m/s, run into each other head-on and bounce apart. Prior to the collision, one of the balls is squeezed in a vise while precise measurements are made of the resulting amount of compression. The results show that Hookes law is a fair model of the balls elastic behavior. For one datum, a force of 16 kN exerted by each jaw of the vise results in a 0.2-mm reduction in the diameter. The diameter returns to its original value when the force is removed, (a) Modeling the ball as a spring, find its spring constant. (b) Does the interaction of the balls during the collision last only for an instant or for a nonzero time interval? State your evidence, (c) Compute an estimate for the kinetic energy of each of the balls before they collide, (d) Compute an estimate for the maximum amount of compression each ball undergoes when the balls collide, (e) Compute an order-of-magnitude estimate for the time interval for which the balls are in contact. (In Chapter 15, you will learn to calculate the contact time interval precisely.)
A 1.25-kg wooden block rests on a table over a large hole as in Figure P9.39. A 5.00-g bullet with an initial velocity vi is fired upward into the bottom of the block and remains in the block after the collision. The block and bullet rise to a maximum height of 22.0 cm. (a) Describe how you would find the initial velocity of the bullet using ideas you have learned in this chapter. (b) Calculate the initial velocity of the bullet from the information provided. Figure P9.39 Problems 39 and 40.
A battleship that is 6.00*10' kg and is originally at rest fires a 1100-kg artillery shell horizontally with a velocity of 575 m/s. (a) If the shell is fired straight aft (toward the rear of the ship), there will be negligible friction opposing the ship's recoil. Calculate its recoil velocity. (b) Calculate the increase in internal kinetic energy (that is, for the ship and the shell). This energy is less than the energy released by the gun powder—significant heat transfer occurs.