An adviser is testing out a new online learning module for a placement test. They wish to test the Ho: of no pre/post difference vs. Ha: that the new online learning module changed placement scores at a significance level of a = 0.05. For the context of this problem, µa = µpost – Hpre where the first data set represents the after (post) test scores and the second data set represents before (pre) test scores. Assume the population is normally distributed. H.: Hd = 0 Ha: Ha + 0 You obtain the following paired sample of 8 students that took the placement test before and after the learning module: After Before 55.1 57.7 -17.5 50.5 6.8 62 26.2 65.3 37.9 54.2 21.7 55.9 8.6 53.5 49.9 55.5 What is the critical value for this test? Round answers to 2 decimal places. critical value = ± Shade the sampling distribution curve with the correct critical value(s) and shade the critical regions. The arrows can only be dragged to t scores that are accurate to 1 place after the decimal point (these values correspond to the tick marks on the horizontal axis). Select from the drop down menu to shade to the left, to the right, between or left and right of the t-score(s). Shade: Left of a value Click and drag the arrows to adjust the values. -4 -3 -2 -1 3 4

please don't provide hand writtin solution....

Individual actions can play a large role in the overall health of our planet. A researcher interested in evaluating environment friendly behaviors evaluated how often people recycle (per month) based on whether they have an overall optimistic or an overall pessimistic attitude toward eco-friendly behaviors. The results from this hypothetical study are given in the table.  Test whether or not recycling behaviors differed between groups using a .05 level of significance. State the value of the test statistics and the decision to retain or reject the null hypothesis. Compute effect size using eta- squared (n^2). Pessimistic Optimistic 3 4 0 9 4 6 2 8 1 9 6 5 3 6 5 8 0 6 5 7

A researcher wanted to examine whether type of dog food (freeze dried meat vs generic brand kibble) would affect dogs’ attention span. The researcher hypothesized that dogs who ate freeze dried meat would have longer attention spans than those who ate generic brand kibble. The researcher used a single sample of 13 subjects, that took part in both treatment conditions. The researcher set the alpha level at .01.  The mean of the difference scores (MD)was 7.0 and the SSD for the difference in attention spans was 144. What is the calculated test statistic to the nearest thousandth? Be sure to put the positive or negative sign in front of it.  Note: SHOW ALL WORK!!! Based on your work above, do you reject or retain the null?     reject     retain Based on your conclusion regarding the null, was there a treatment effect?     Yes     No