An adenoma of the supraoptic nuclei (SON) of the hypothalamus may: both increase the production of antidiuretic hormone and result in increased urine production            cause changes in vision by pressing on the optic chiasm            increase the production of antidiuretic hormone            both increase the production of antidiuretic hormone and cause changes in vision by pressing on the optic chiasm            result in increased urine production

The Baroreceptor reflex illustrates very well the principles and elements of a negative feedback loop.1) What is the typical circumstance in which the baroreceptor reflex is stimulated? What is the stimulus for the reflex and the response?2a) Using the terms for a homeostatic negative feedback loop or a reflex, describe both the function AND anatomical elements serving that function for each of the following as it applies to the baroreceptor reflex known as: an effector.  2b) applied to the baroreceptor reflex known as: the integration center?

On average, nerve impulses travel much more rapidly in the dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway compared to the anterolateral spinothalamic pathway.  options:   True   False

Explain the mechanism which underlies the cardiovascular affects of epinephrine and norepinephrine in terms of the distribution od adrenergic receptor types.

A 36-year-old woman presented with a history of seizures that began at age 16. Her seizures are described as generalized tonic-clonic. Originally, she received phenobarbital. The tonic-clonic seizures were controlled, but she began to have episodes of non-responsive staring (absence seizure). Her medication was changed to phenytoin (PHT). PHT controlled both the staring episodes and the tonic-clonic seizures, but severe gum hypertrophy occurred. She was changed to carbamazepine, but the episodes of staring became more frequent and she developed involuntary jerking of her upper extremities (myoclonic seizure). For the past 2 years, she had received 500 mg of valproate (VPA) three times per day. She reported no side effects, seizures, or other related events. At age 30, she suffered a miscarriage while taking PHT. She has a 3.5-year-old son. During the pregnancy, she remained seizure free. There was no history of birth defects. She is taking an oral contraceptive and has no other…

Carotid Sinus Massage is used as a clinical tool in the diagnosis of certain cardiovascular disorders.  In addition, it’s simply a cool bit of physiology that highlights part of the baroreceptor reflex. In simple terms, what effect(s) do/does the manual massaging of the carotid sinus have on the above-noted effector(s)? Why? It is thought that the elderly tend to have hypersensitivity with this reflex; often contributing to death. It’s also believed that this response partially contributes to death by hanging or by manual strangulation.  Briefly describe how this too is consistent with your understanding of the reflex.

A 36-year-old woman presented with a history of seizures that began at age 16. Her seizures are described as generalized tonic-clonic. Originally, she received phenobarbital. The tonic-clonic seizures were controlled, but she began to have episodes of non-responsive staring (absence seizure). Her medication was changed to phenytoin (PHT). PHT controlled both the staring episodes and the tonic-clonic seizures, but severe gum hypertrophy occurred. She was changed to carbamazepine, but the episodes of staring became more frequent and she developed involuntary jerking of her upper extremities (myoclonic seizure). For the past 2 years, she had received 500 mg of valproate (VPA) three times per day. She reported no side effects, seizures, or other related events. At age 30, she suffered a miscarriage while taking PHT. She has a 3.5-year-old son. During the pregnancy, she remained seizure free. There was no history of birth defects. She is taking an oral contraceptive and has no other…

Give the brain region for the functions described. 1. Contains vital centers that regulate heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, vomiting, coughing 2. Smoothes and coordinates skilled skeletal muscle movement; also posture and balance or equilibrium 3. Secretes melatonin that controls the sleep-wake cycle 4. Controls and integrates the autonomic nervous system; regulates hormones, emotional behavior, temperature, eating, and drinking behavior 5. Interprets sensory input, controls skilled skeletal muscle movements, and is involved in emotional and intellectual processes 6. Helps control breathing; conducts impulses to and from the cerebellum, midbrain, and medulla 7. Relays all sensory input to the cerebral cortex; involved in skeletal muscle actions and memory processing 8. Coordinates visual and auditory reflexes 9. Coordinates gross, automatic muscle movements; also involved with the limbic system 10. White fiber tracts communicating between hemispheres

(Ch. 11 - Nervous System) - The difference between migraines and other headaches is: a) migraines may be preceded by an aura (transient neurologic symptoms), while other headache types are not Ob) migraines are aggravated by movement, whereas other headache types are not C c) migraines are always unilateral, whereas other headache types are bilateral d) A and B e) B and C C Dago 13 of 50

Describe treatments that would be used for DM and DKA.