All vertebrates (including humans) share all of the following anatomical traits except: O a body plan that is composed of an inner tube surrounded by an outer tube O the left half of the body is essentially a mirror image of the right half O a set of 4 limbs that are paired in both structure and function O there is a hollow nerve cord running along the back O pouches in the throat that correspond to the clefts between the gills of fish

Animals with three tissues layers have other synapomorphies that differentiate them from diploblasts. Choose all that apply: specialized muscle tissue Bilateral symmetry Specialized reproductive tissues Specialized respiratory organs O Specialized circulatory organs for pumping blood or hemolymph O A nervous system with an anteriorly located processing center (brain)

Why are there anatomical reference terms differences for pigs and humans?     What anatomical reference term is used in pigs for “toward the head?”     What anatomical reference term is used in humans for “toward the head?”

20.

When vertebrates emerged from the water and began colonizing the land, there were plenty of advantages in doing so:. reduced competition, increased oxygen levels, and warmer temperatures. Living on land had some disadvantages as well. What is the key adaptation that reptiles made that allowed them to totally escape the aquatic environment? O A. Devleopment of dry skin and scales. O B. Development of a water saving kidney O C. Development of the amniotic egg. O D. Development of the lung instead of gills

Mammals have a particularly good sense of earing thanks to their inner ear which includes three tiny bones. Reptiles, in contrast, have a single inner ear bone. The lower jaw of reptiles is composed of multiple bones while the lower jaw of mammals is a single bone. Fossil and developmental evidence indicate that the inner ear bones of mammals evolved from lower jawbones. This suggests that the inner ear bones of mammals are Mammal skull, including ear bones eardrum Reptile skull, including ear bone eardrum Oa transitional trait a vestigial structure a living fossil an exaptation an analogy MacBook Air DII DD F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 FV 23 24 % & 3 4. 6 7 8 U D F G H J K ~の * 00 O OO

All the following are general anatomical similarities for MOST primates, EXCEPT: O Opposable thumbs O Nails instead of claws O Postorbital bar only (not having a full boney eye enclosure) O Shorter snouts O Forward facing eyes

Jay Guide The human embryo and the embryos of other animals with backbones have gill slits. According to the modern evolutionary theory, this best supports the idea: Mark only one oval. That fish are our closest relatives All embryos breathe through their gills All animals with backbones are related by common ancestry All organisms have gill slits at an early stage in their development

EVOLUTION CONNECTION Evolution in insects and vertebrateshas involved the repeated duplication of body segments, followedby fusion of some segments and specialization of their structureand function. In vertebrates, what anatomical features reflectsegmentation?

All of these characteristics of P. aethiopicus suggest that it may represent an evolutionary connection between A. afarensis and P. boisei, EXCEPT: Pneumatized mastoid region Brain size of 410 cc Compound temporal-nuchal crest Large posterior an anterior dentition Sagittal crest that extends from posterior to anterior on the cranial vault