All radio systems must be designed to be resistant to fading. What is one of the biggest factors that would cause reductions in signal strength

Q: a. What is rectangular waveguide field pattern? b. What is the field pattern of TE mode in…

A: Given & to find: Explain the following: a. What is a rectangular waveguide field pattern? b.…

Q: What are the common problems encountered when using an outdoor antenna? Indoor antenna? What are the…

A: A message signal is transferred from the sender to the receiver end. The signal is transmitted…

Q: Explain the basics of radio frequency (RF) communication and its role in wireless technology.

A: According to the question, we need to explain the basics of radio frequency (RF) communication and…

Q: Define: frequency-independent antenna

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Q: 1. A 50-mV sinusoid, at a frequency of 1 kHz, is applied to a capacitor microphone FM generator. If…

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Q: Select the correct statement(s) regarding transmit beamwidth. a. The higher the frequency, the…

A: As per our honor code, we only answer one question at a time. Please resubmitt the question which…

Q: The total antenna efficiency is used to take into account losses at the input terminals nly D a.…

A: FALSE

Q: Discuss the key parameters to be considered in the design of a microwave link.

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Q: 1. What is the frequency band Bf of an FM signal whose modulation index 6 is equal to 0.2 and the fm…

A: B=modulation indexB<1 then it is Narrow band fmthen Bandwidth(BW)=2*fmB>1 then it is wide…

Q: In a broadside array all the elements must have equal . excitation with similar amplitude…

A: Solution-  (d) phase In a broadside array all the elements must have equal

Q: Compare between Hertz antennas and Marconi antennas.

A: The explanation is as follows.

Q: Write a note on smart antennas.

A: Generally antennas are known as transducers  Antenna can receive the electromagnetic wave and it can…

Q: nna size is affected by FALSE TRUE

A:

Q: The maximum peak to peak value of an AM wave is 40 volts and its frequency is 83000000. The peak to…

A: We have given Peak to Peak value of an AM wave is 40 volts and its frequency is 83000000 The peak to…

Q: What is path loss of radio signal and explain signal propagation efects

A: According to the question, we need to explain the path loss of radio signals and the effect on…

Q: Consider a 10W power transmitter and a 30dB transmission antenna, the EIRP value will be: Select one…

A: Given  Pt = 10W Gain (GdB) = 30dB E.I.R.P = ?

Q: dentify the advantages of FM over AM. (Check all that apply.) The capture effect in FM helps…

A: Advantages of FM over AM : 1. In AM (Amplitude modulation) most of the transmitted power wasted…

Q: 32. A high power microwave pulse of the order of megawatts can be generated by: a. Magnetron b.…

A: 32) A High power microwave Pulse can be generated by Magnetron. hence, option "a" is correct.  a)…

Q: 1- How does the dish antenna work? A. How are the electromagnetic wave converted to information…

A: As per our guidelines we are supposed to answer only one question. Kindly repost other questions as…

Q: Explain the Major Types of  Microwave Filters

A: Microwave filters design to operate in the megahertz to gigahertz frequency ranges. These frequency…

Q: . If the operating frequency increases, powers received by the receiving antenna O a. is Independent…

A: The above question is related to the subject of Microwave and Antenna Engineering.

Q: . List the types of solar collectors? Discuss the role of heliostats in central receiver tower…

A: Solar energy is being widely used nowadays due to the energy crisis. Photovoltaic arrays and modules…

Q: For the reciprocity theorem we consider of response to excitation. a. addition b. subtraction C.…

A: The Reciprocity theorem states that if an EMF E is in a branch (a) of a reciprocal network produces…

Q: Q3: A sinusoidally modulated AM waveform is shown below, Determine: 1. Peak amplitude of the upper…

A: Based on the bartleby guidelines solved first three subparts kindly repost the remaining questions…

Q: Define signal-to-noise figure of receiver. A receiver connected to an antenna vhose resistance is…

A:

Q: We want to transmit a signal m(t) composed of three frequencies: 440 Hz with an amplitude of 1 volt,…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub parts, we will provide the solution only to the…

Q: What is a radio frequency spectrum? Give major propagation characteristics of VHF and UHF bands.

A: The radio frequency spectrum is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is used for wireless…

Q: Explain the concept of radio frequency (RF) spectrum in wireless communications.

A: According to the question, we need to explain the concept of radio frequency (RF) spectrum in…

Q: The maximum peak to peak value of an AM wave is 40 volts and its frequency is 83000000. The peak to…

A: Given, The maximum peak to peak value of an AM wave, Vm = 40 volts Its frequency, fm = 62000000 Hz…

Q: What will be the radiation resistance of a quarter wave dipole antenna? Please show the calculation…

A: The radiation resistance for a dipole antenna can be expressed by the following equation: In this…

Q: Problem 4 to separate ITU channel 59 using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and an optical circulator.…

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Q: Explain the concept of "smart antennas" in wireless communication and their advantages in signal…

A: Smart antennas are called intelligent antennas (or) adaptive antenna. It represents a transformative…

Q: what is the full derivation of the EM wave equation and attenuation coefficient?

A:

Q: Explain the concept of dispersion in optical fibers and its impact on the quality of signal…

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Q: For an AM envelope with a maximum peak voltage of 52 V and a minimum peak to peak voltage of 24 V,…

A: For an AM envelope with a maximum peak voltage of 52 V and a minimum peak to peak voltage of 24 V,…

Q: The directivity reference is at the input terminals of the antenna

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Q: An FM modulator has a carrier frequency of 100 MHz, is frequency modulated by a sine wave signal at…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts we will provide the solution only to the…

Q: Identify the given statement. The bandwidth required to transmit an angle-modulated wave is…

A: given statement is the bandwidth required to transmit an angle modulated wave is approximately…

Q: Describe at least 5 equipment’s used in Microwave measurement set up. 2. Describe two useful…

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Q: The maximum amplitude of message signal is less than maximum carrier amplitude. It can be notice…

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Q: Define the following terms used in antenna propagation. i. Directivity ii. Antenna Gain iii.…

A: We need to define the above given terms used in antenna propagation.

Q: Determine & explain the basic radar components for radar detection. pls illustrate with labels

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Frequency Modulation

Frequency modulation is a method or process of encoding the data of a specific signal (analog or digital) by modulating the carrier wave frequency according to the frequency of the modulated signal. Modulated signals are nothing more than information or data that should be conveyed after being converted into electronic signals.