All of the following are required for two loci (A and B) to be considered in linkage equilibrium, EXCEPT:   a. The frequency of B on chromosomes carrying allele A is equal to the frequency of B on chromosomes carrying allele a.   b. The two loci are located very, very close together on the same chromosome.   c. The frequency of any chromosome haplotype can be calculated by multiplying the frequencies of the constituent alleles.   d. The coefficient of linkage disequilibrium (D) is equal to zero.

What is heterosis? Discuss whether it is caused by a single geneor several genes. Discuss the two major hypotheses proposedto explain heterosis. Which do you think is more likely to becorrect?

In a hypothetical population, matings involving two individuals heterozygous for the phenylketonuria allele on chromosome 12 result in 10% of the offspring showing the effects of the disease. This percentage arises because:   A. the trait has pleiotropic effect   B. the trait assorts independently   C. the trait has low expressivity   D. the trait has only partial penetrance   E.  the trait is sex-influenced

You are interested if whether several genes of a certain species of beetle assort independently. So, you conduct several generations of matings, and after you have collected all your data, you are ready to analyze your results. You conduct a Chi2 test to test your hypothesis. You have 6 groups and calculate a Chi? = 13.22. Given that the critical value at 0.05 level of %3D significance = 11.07 at df = 5, %3D (A) State your null hypothesis. (B) Should you accept or reject your null hypothesis? (C) Why did you arrive your decision in (B)?