ALL biosynthetic reactions require which of the following metabolites(s)? NADPH Glucose 6-P High energy bonds (e.g. ATP, UTP, GTP) A and B B and C

Please actually circle the substrates in the diagram

Which one of the following is a "high-energy" biomolecule with a more negative AG° value for hydrolysis than ATP? 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Glucose-6-Phosphate Glycerol-1-Phosphate O0000

Many enzyme mechanisms involve transferring protons. Sidechains of an enzyme can act as catalytic acids or catalytic bases in this process. The figure below shows a step in the reaction by the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase. Glu165 group. -OH Would a catalytic acid gain or lose a proton? Which sidechain in the mechanism is acting as a catalytic acid? co CH,OPO, 2- Activity remaining (%) Would a catalytic base gain or lose a proton? Which sidechain in the mechanism is acting as a catalytic base? 100 Curve I 8 Glu¹65 9 Below are two pH rate profiles showing the percent activity as a function of pH. Answer the questions below about how these curves relate to the mechanism of triose phosphate isomerase. Remember what fraction of a titratable group is unprotonated at the pka. 10 OH In this reaction a carbonyl is converted into an enol intermediate. Circle the enol 100 Activity remaining (%) H Curve 2 CIOH CIOH CH₂OPO,²- 8 9 N N 10 7 pH PH i) Which of these curves shows the pH rate…

consider the following fatty acid: ch3-ch2-ch2-ch2-ch2-ch2=ch-cooh. in terms of reducing equivalents, how much energy will it yield upon complete oxidation of co2? - 4 molecules of NADH and 4 molecules of FADH2 -4 molecules of NADH and 3 moleculs of FADH2 - 19 molecules of NADH and 8 molecules of FADH2 - 5 molecules of NADH and 8 molecules of FADH2 - 19 molecules of NADH and 9 molecules of FADH2

Which of these processes is most exergonic? (Think VERY carefully!)     Dephosphorylation of glucose     Conversion of enol to keto     Oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid group.     ATP hydrolysis

Loss of this enzyme would be lethal to the cell CH₂-CH-CH₂ OH OH Glycerol- phosphate Loss of this enzyme would severely reduce the exchange of lipids between the cytosol and lumen P CH₂-CH-CH₂ O O I =C C=O Loss of this enzyme would lead to membrane phospholipids with identical phosphate head groups Phosphatase Acyl transferase Loss of this enzyme would result in membranes deficient in phosphatidylcholine Choline head Cytosol group ER lumen Choline phosphotransferase Loss of these enzymes would prevent lipid transfer between the ER and mitochondria Flippase lipid exchange proteins

All of the following compounds have sufficiently high group transfer potentials to lead to the production of ATP except: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. acetyl-CoA. O phosphocreatine. glucose-6-phosphate. phosphoenolpyruvate.

Which class of enzymes have sigmoid or S-shaped plots of the rate of a reaction, v, versus the substrate concentration, [S], instead of the hyperbolic curves of the Michaelis-Menten equation? transferases holoenzymes O hydrolases O allosteric enzymes O ribozymes

lace the description with the appropriate step in the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme changes shape, resulting in an induced fit between substrate and enzyme. Glucose and galactose are released, and the enzyme is free to bind other substrates. Lactose Galactose Glucose- Substrate: Lactose Enzyme: Lactase 2 1 Enzyme-substrate complex The bond is broken between glucose and galactose 3 The substrate, lactose, binds to the enzyme forming an enzyme- substrate complex