Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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How can i predict the signs of each of these? Please explain why and how. Also the options maybe -,+,0, or unknown.

### Understanding Reaction Favorability in Terms of Thermodynamics

In thermodynamics, the favorability of a reaction is often determined by changes in enthalpy (\(\Delta_r H^\circ\)) and entropy (\(\Delta_r S^\circ\)).

1. **\(\Delta_r H^\circ\) - Enthalpy Change**

   - **Negative (-)**: Indicates that the reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. The reaction is product-favored only at high temperatures.

2. **\(\Delta_r S^\circ\) - Entropy Change**

   - **Positive (+)**: Indicates an increase in disorder or randomness in the system. The reaction is product-favored only at high temperatures.

3. **\(\Delta_r H^\circ\) - Enthalpy Change**

   - **Positive (+)**: Indicates that the reaction is endothermic, meaning it absorbs heat. The reaction is product-favored at all temperatures.

4. **\(\Delta_r S^\circ\) - Entropy Change**

   - **Positive (+)**: As before, this indicates an increase in disorder. The reaction is product-favored at all temperatures.

When evaluating these thermodynamic properties, the labels provided were incorrect, highlighting the importance of assessing both enthalpic and entropic changes to determine under which conditions a reaction is favored.
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Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Reaction Favorability in Terms of Thermodynamics In thermodynamics, the favorability of a reaction is often determined by changes in enthalpy (\(\Delta_r H^\circ\)) and entropy (\(\Delta_r S^\circ\)). 1. **\(\Delta_r H^\circ\) - Enthalpy Change** - **Negative (-)**: Indicates that the reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. The reaction is product-favored only at high temperatures. 2. **\(\Delta_r S^\circ\) - Entropy Change** - **Positive (+)**: Indicates an increase in disorder or randomness in the system. The reaction is product-favored only at high temperatures. 3. **\(\Delta_r H^\circ\) - Enthalpy Change** - **Positive (+)**: Indicates that the reaction is endothermic, meaning it absorbs heat. The reaction is product-favored at all temperatures. 4. **\(\Delta_r S^\circ\) - Entropy Change** - **Positive (+)**: As before, this indicates an increase in disorder. The reaction is product-favored at all temperatures. When evaluating these thermodynamic properties, the labels provided were incorrect, highlighting the importance of assessing both enthalpic and entropic changes to determine under which conditions a reaction is favored.
For a reaction at constant temperature and pressure, what can you determine about ΔH° and ΔS° in each of the following cases? In each case, write positive or negative as your answers.

**ΔrH°**  
- **positive (+):** When the reaction is not product favored at any temperature.

**ΔrS°**  
- **negative (-):** When the reaction is not product favored at any temperature.

**ΔrH°**  
- **positive (+):** When the reaction is product favored only at low temperature.

**ΔrS°**  
- **positive (+):** When the reaction is product favored only at low temperature.

**ΔrH°**  
- **negative (-):** When the reaction is product favored only at high temperature.

**ΔrS°**  
- **positive (+):** When the reaction is product favored only at high temperature.
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Transcribed Image Text:For a reaction at constant temperature and pressure, what can you determine about ΔH° and ΔS° in each of the following cases? In each case, write positive or negative as your answers. **ΔrH°** - **positive (+):** When the reaction is not product favored at any temperature. **ΔrS°** - **negative (-):** When the reaction is not product favored at any temperature. **ΔrH°** - **positive (+):** When the reaction is product favored only at low temperature. **ΔrS°** - **positive (+):** When the reaction is product favored only at low temperature. **ΔrH°** - **negative (-):** When the reaction is product favored only at high temperature. **ΔrS°** - **positive (+):** When the reaction is product favored only at high temperature.
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