Adaptation can best be described as A. The change in the genetic characteristics of a population of organisms over time B. Evolutionary changes on a large scale C. Gives us Genotype frequency of a population that is not evolving D. Any feature of the organism that leads to improvement in performance in the environment

The best argument for how an unprotected species can evolve to mimic a second protected species (distasteful or noxious) and thus obtain protection is by    A. Random changes in the appearance of the unprotected species that lead to increased fitness due to greater similarity with the protected species   B. Individuals deciding that they need protection and mutating to look like the protected species   C. Individuals changing their diet to increase pigment production to look like the protected species D. Natural selection for more advanced traits that are better to the inferior traits of organisms that do not look like the protected species   E. Behavioral modification of the unprotected species to act like the protected species

Which of the following is NOT true of stabilising selection a. it occurs when inidivuals with extreme trait values have lower fitness than those with intermediate trait values. b. it keeps the mean close (or moves it closer) to the optimum value c. it can result from opposing directional selection, such as when early flowering makes flowers susceptible to herbivores, but late flowering reduces the availability of pollinators. d. it does not improve the fitness of the population to the environment. e. it decreases the range of variation in the population

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate use of DNA Sequencing data.       a.  Comparing the genomes of endangered animals to protect them.       b.  Comparing the genomes of dog breeds to understand their evolution.       c.   Comparing the genomes of healthy and sick populations to understand genomic basis of disease.       d.   Comparing an individual's genome to other individuals in a population to determine their health risk or to eliminate them as suspects in a crime.       e.   Comparing populations based on socially constructed groupings to assert a hierarchy among those groups.

The mutation rate is a. the likelihood that a new mutation will occur in a given gene. b. too low to substantially change allele frequencies in a population. c. lower for mutations that create beneficial alleles. d. All of the above are true of the mutation rate.

The main idea behind Darwin’s theory of natural selection was Group of answer choices a. Competition for space between the individuals will limit a population b. Individuals pass on acquired characteristics to their offspring c. Individuals with advantageous adaptations are more likely to out-produce those lacking that adaptation d. Populations adapt over time

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding the neutral-mutation explanation for the high levels of genetic variation? A. Most genetic variation observed is adaptively neutral. B. Natural selection plays a lesser role in maintaining genetic variation. C. When natural selection occurs it leads to a decrease in genetic variation. D. Genetic variation is maintained mainly via the random effects of genetic drift.

Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics did NOT include which of the following ideas? Select one: a. The environment plays a role in selecting favourable characteristics b. Physical characteristics acquired during a lifetime can not be passed to offspring c. Organisms can change during their own lifetime d. Physical activities can change organisms O O O

A set of alleles carried by (characteristics of) an organism that encodes for a specific trait. Select one: O a. Genetic diversity b. Karyotype c. Phenotype d. Genotype e. Natural selection

Natural selection operates on populations over many generations. Which of the following allows natural selection to occur?    A.  the desire and the advantage of a population to remain constant  B.  the old age of the individuals which causes them to die  C.  the abilty for populations to change quickly from one trait to the next  D.  the unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce