According to the American Lung association, lung cancer account for 28% of all cancer deaths in the US.  A new type of screening for lung cancer, computed tomography (CT), has been developed.  Medical researchers believe CT scans are scans are more sensitive than regular X-rays in pinpointing small tumors. The Cancer Center at the University of South Florida is currently conducting a clinical trial of 50,000 smokers nationwide to compare the effectiveness of CT scans with X-ray for detecting lung cancer (Today’s Tomorrows, Fall 2002).  Each participating smoker is randomly assigned to one of the two screening methods, CT or chest X-ray, and his or her progress is tracked over time.  The age at which the scanning method first detects a tumor is the variable of interest. A. Identify the data collection method used by the cancer researchers.        B. dentify experimental units of the study.  C. Identify the type of the variable measured.  D. Identify the population and sample.

News reports speak of an emerging crisis of childhood obesity in the United States. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a government survey run every several years recording a number of vital statistics on a random sample of Americans. A body mass index (BMI) is computed for each individual in the sample based on the individual's height and weight. Here are sample results for 8-year-old boys over the past 40 years. The table gives the sample size for 3 different surveys, the sample mean and sample standard deviation. Suppose we want to run an ANOVA to see if there is a difference in mean BMI for the three surveys. Assume each survey is a random sample and there are no extreme outliers.What is the sample standard deviations for each survey? ...the NHES II study?  ...the NHANES II study?  ...the NHANES study?

Genetic drugs are lower cost substitutes for brand-name drugs.  Before a genetic drug can be sold in the United States, it must be tested found to perform equivalently to the brand-name product.  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is now supervising the testing of new genetic antifungal ointment.  The Brand-name ointment is known to deliver a mean of 3.5 micrograms of active ingredient to each square centimeter of skin. As part of the testing, seven subjects apply the ointment.  Six hours later, the amount of drugs that has been absorbed into the skin measured.  The amounts, in micrograms, are   2.6, 3.2, 2.1, 3.0, 3.1, 2.9, 3.7 How strong is the evidence that the mean amount absorbed differs from 3.5 micrograms?  Test by using a confidence interval with ?=0.05α=0.05. Show Step1-Step3. Round critical value to nearest hundredth.   (e.g.  0.1256 would be entered as 0.13)  Round confidence interval to nearest thousandth.   (e.g.  0.12456 would be entered as 0.125)

"Asbestos represents one of the most heavily studied occupational and environmental hazards of human history." Beh and Smith (2011) review the use of odds ratio (OR) within the subdiscipline of occupational exposure. The concept of 'risk' with respect to a particular exposure has been and continues to be a fundamental standard measurement for assessing a "hazard." ORs are regularly used to approximate relative risk (RR). The table below is a hypothetical subset of workers involved in the industrial manufacturing for 6 months or more between the years of 1940 - 1970. We are looking at the exposure of the worker to asbestos in the workplace and if they developed asbestosis during their lifetime. Asbestos Exposure No Asbestos Exposure Asbestosis 10,477 3,915 No Asbestosis 7,187 5,890 Calculate the odds ratio and round your answer to two decimal places

In recent years there has been considerable controversy over the use of standardized testing of high school students. Supporters say that the practice is a good measure of both student progress and teacher performance. Opponents say that too much testing impedes learning and causes unnecessarily large expenses for the school districts. There are even reports that a significant number of high school students opt out of taking some of the standardized tests. In one large city where the school district reported that the average score on a national test taken by students in their junior year was 74, a large group of parents felt that this average was too low. The parents contracted a research company in an attempt to show that the average score was higher than the claimed average of 74. The research company took a random sample of 100 juniors and they collected the corresponding 100 exam scores for those students. - what hypotheses is most appropriate to deal with the problem above. - What…

Color blindness, or dyschromatopsia, is a form of genetic deficiency in color perception. The condition is much more prevalent among males than females, pointing to a genetic connection with the X chromosome. The frequency of dyschromatopsia in the Caucasian American male population is about 7%. However, it is thought that this proportion might be smaller among males of other ethnicities. We want to estimate the proportion of Asian American males who are color-blind. How large a sample size do we need in order to obtain a 95% confidence interval with a margin of error no greater than 5%, or 0.05? Use 0.5 for p̂.

Homechooling has become very popular in the United States, and many colleges try to attract students from this group. Evidence suggests that approximately 90% of all homeschooled children attend college. To check this claim, a random sample of 208 homeschooled children was obtained, and 180 of them were found to have attended college. The researcher wishes to determine whether the proportion of homeschool children who attend college is different from 0.90. Test an appropriate hypothesis and state your conclusion. Make sure to state and check all conditions and state your conclusion in context.

In recent years there has been considerable controversy over the use of standardized testing of high school students. Supporters say that the practice is a good measure of both student progress and teacher performance. Opponents say that too much testing impedes learning and causes unnecessarily large expenses for the school districts. There are even reports that a significant number of high school students opt out of taking some of the standardized tests. In one large city where the school district reported that the average score on a national test taken by students in their junior year was 74, a large group of parents felt that this average was too low. The parents contracted a research company in an attempt to show that the average score was higher than the claimed average of 74. The research company took a random sample of 100 juniors and they collected the corresponding 100 exam scores for those students. 15. Pick the hypotheses most appropriate to deal with the problem above. a)…