A. What is the physical definition of thermoelectric effect? B. What are the classical models of the thermoelectric effect? C. Provide your opinion on the potential development of thermoelectric energy in renewable and sustainable energy industries.

1. The magnitude of an electric field became 3.0 x 106 N/C or greater, so that electrical breakdown and thus sparking could occur. 2. The energy of a spark was 150 mJ or greater so that it could ignite the powder explosively. Let us check for the first condition in the powder flow through the plastic pipes. Suppose a stream of negatively charged powder was blown through a cylindrical pipe of radius R = 5.0 cm. Assume that the powder and its charge were spread uniformly through the pipe with a volume charge density p. a. Using Gauss' law, find an expression for the magnitude of the electric field E in the pipe as a function of radial distance r from the pipe center. b. Does E increase or decrease with increasing r? c. Is E directed radially inward or outward? d. For p = 1.1 x 10³ C/m³ (a typical value at the factory), find the maximum E and determine where that maximum field occurs. e. Could sparking occur, and if so, where? From the answer to part (a) of the problem, f. Find an…

A uniform electric field of magnitude 7.8x105 N/C points in the positive z direction. Part A Find the change in electric potential energy of a 8.0-μC charge as it moves from the origin to the point (0, 6.0 m). Express your answer using one significant figure. IVE] ΑΣΦ AU = Submit Part B AU = Find the change in electric potential energy of a 8.0-μC charge as it moves from the origin to the point (6.0 m, 0). Express your answer using two significant figures. IVE] ΑΣΦ Submit Part C Request Answer AU = Submit Request Answer w ? Find the change in electric potential energy of a 8.0-μC charge as it moves from the origin to the point (6.0 m, 6.0 m). Express your answer using two significant figures. [5] ΑΣΦ Request Answer ? w ? J J J

Part A An electron moves between two plates and experiences an increase in kinetic energy of 3.8x10-15 J. Calculate AV = VA - VB of the plates. AV = Express your answer with the appropriate units. Value A A Submit Request Answer VA Units ? VB B

Two spherical shells have a common center. The inner shell has radus R₁5.00 cm and charge g+5.00×10 C: the outer shell has radius R-15.0 cm and charge g2-7.00x10- C. Both charges are spread uniformly over the shell surface. Take V-0 at a large distance from the shells Part A What is the electric potential due to the two shells at the distancer-2.50 cms from their common center Express your answer with the appropriate units. HAO? Value Units

Electric Potential Energy (An lonic Crystal) 3. Four positive and four negative charges of equal magnitudes +Q are arranged alternately on the corners of a cube of side length d, +Q as drawn. This is a model of one cell of an ionic crystal such as -Q +Q salt, NaCl. a. Calculate the potential energy of this configuration. As d usual, take the energy to be zero infinitely far away from the charges. Express the energy in terms of k, Q, and d. d Hints: -Q +Q There are 12 pairs of opposite charges along the edges There are 12 pairs of like charges along the diagonals of each face There are 4 pairs of opposite charges along the cube's long diagonals b. In part (a), you should have determined that U < 0. Explain the relationship between this result and the observation that such crystals freely form in nature.

I Review An arrangement of source charges produces the electric potential V = 5000x along the x-axis, where V is in volts and x is in meters. Part A What is the maximum speed of a 0.90 g , 7.0 nC charged particle that moves in this potential with turning points at +7.4cm? Express your answer with the appropriate units. HA Value Units Umax = Submit Request Answer