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Financial Ratios
A Ratio refers to a figure calculated as a reference to the relationship of two or more numbers and can be expressed as a fraction, proportion, percentage, or the number of times. When the number is determined by taking two accounting numbers derived from the financial statements, it is termed as the accounting ratio.
Return on Equity
The Return on Equity (RoE) is a measure of the profitability of a business concerning the funds by its stockholders/shareholders. ROE is a metric used generally to determine how well the company utilizes its funds provided by the equity shareholders.
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- Help with the realtionship between financial leverage and profitability. Pelican Paper, Inc., and Timberland Forest, Inc., are rivals in the manufacture of craft papers. Some financial statement values for each company follow. Use them in a ratio analysis that compares the firms' financial leverage and profitability. a. Calculate the following debt and coverage ratios for the two companies. Discuss their financial risk and ability to cover the costs in relation to each other. (1) Debt ratio (2) Times interest earned ratio b. Calculate the following profitability ratios for the two companies. Discuss their profitability relative to each other. (1) Operating profit margin (2) Net profit margin (3) Return on total assets (4) Return on common equity c. In what way has the larger debt of Timberland Forest made it more profitable than Pelican Paper? What are the risks that Timberland's investors undertake when they choose to purchase its stock instead of Pelican's?DuPont system of analysis Use the following financial information for AT&T and Verizon to conduct a DuPont system of analysis for each company. Sales Earnings available for common stockholders Total assets Stockholders' equity a. Which company has the higher net profit margin? Higher asset turnover? b. Which company has the higher ROA? The higher ROE? c. Which company has the higher financial leverage multiplier? a. Net profit margin (Round to three decimal places.) AT&T Net profit margin AT&T $164,000 13,333 403,921 201,934 Verizon Verizon $126,280 13,608 244,280 24,232Interpreting Ratios. In each of the following cases, explain briefly which of the two companies is likely to be characterized by the higher ratio. (O LO3) a. Debt-to-equity ratio: a shipping company or a computer software company b. Payout ratio: Food Producer Inc. or Computer Graphics Inc. c. Ratio of sales to assets: an integrated pulp and paper mill and manufacturer or a paper mill d. Average collection period: Regional Electric Power Company or. Z-Mart Discount Outlets
- Interpreting liquidity and activity ratios The table, shows key financial data for three firms that compete in the consumer products market: Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive, and Clorox. a. Calculate each of the following ratios for all three companies: current ratio, quick ratio, inventory turnover, average collection period, total asset turnover. b. What company is in the position of having greatest liquidity? c. Would you say that the three companies exhibit similar performance or quite different performance in terms of collecting receivables? Why do you think that might be? d. Which company has the most rapid inventory turnover? Which company appears to be least efficient in terms of total asset turnover? Are your answers to those questions a little surprising? If a company is best at inventory turnover and worst at total asset turnover, what do you think that means? a. For the three companies, the current ratios are: (Round to three decimal places.) Colgate-Palmolive Current…Sales Cost of goods sold Receivable Inventory Procter & Gamble $65,235 32,973 4,732 4,795 25,568 28,901 117,030 Total current assets Total current liabilities Total assets (Note: All dollar values are in thousands.) Colgate-Palmolive $15,208 6,077 1,415 1,173 4,348 3,291 12,134 Clorox $5,873 3,227 517 500 1,544 2,043 4,5791 Research a company you like to do business with. Look at the following ratios and complete an analysis of the company's performance. Your analysis should answer questions such as but not limited to: (1) is the company solvent (2) is the company highly leveraged (3) has the company been able to utilize their assets efficiently, etc. Ratios: Current Ratio Acid Ratio ROA ROE Debt-to-Equity
- See Image for Information Compute the following performance indices for both companies: Profit margin Asset turnover Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) Current ratio Debt equity ratio Compare and analyse the performance of the two companies computed in (1) above and explain what the board of Box Limited needs to do to achieve their objective . c. Which other non-financial measures can influence the decision of the board of Box Limited?Carson Electronics’ management has long viewed BGT Electronics as an industry leader and uses this firm as a model firm for analyzing its own performance. The balance sheet and income statements for the two firms are as follows: Calculate the following ratios for both Carson and BGT: a) Debt ratio: b) Average collection period: c) Fixed asset turnover: d) Return on equity:A Comparing Financial Ratios Presented below are selected ratios the four firms, Badgley is a heavy equipment manu1icturer. Reagan is a newspaper publisher. Klein is a food manufacturer, and Taylor is a grocery chain. Required: 1. Which firm has the weakest current ratio? 2. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Explain why the turnover ratios vary so much among the four firms. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Explain why the return on equity ratio is larger than the return on asset ratio for all four firms. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Discuss whether the large differences in the return on equity ratios can exist over long periods of time.
- What do the liquldity ratlos tell you In the financlal analysis? 1 The capital structure of a company 2 The profitability of the company 3. The efficiency of inventory 4. The company's ability to pay off debt obligations 5. Ratios analysisIf given the opportunity, in which of the firms would you invest based on the result of your analysis of both companies and the comparison with the industry? If you would not invest, explain your reasons according to the results obtained. Company Name: Year 2018 Chemicals and Allied Products Industry Ratios ………….. Solvency or Debt Ratios Merck J&J 2018 Debt ratio 0.67 0.61 0.47 Debt-to-equity ratio 0.93 0.51 0.38 Interest coverage ratio 12.27 18.91 -9.43 Liquidity Ratios Current ratio 1.17 1.47 3.47 Quick ratio 0.92 1.16 2.12 Cash ratio 0.40 0.63 2.24 Profitability Ratios Profit margin 14.64% 18.75% -93.4% ROE (Return on equity), after tax 23.03% 25.60% -248.5 ROA (Return on assets) 7.49% 10.00% -146.5 Gross margin 68.06% 66.79% 55.3% Operating margin (Return on sales) 19.62% 24.27%…Assume the following relationships for the Caulder Corp.: Sales/Total assets Return on assets (ROA) Return on equity (ROE) Calculate Caulder's profit margin and debt-to-capital ratio assuming the firm uses only debt and common equity, so total assets equal total invested capital. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. Profit margin: Debt-to-capital ratio: % % 1.9x 8.0% 13.0%