a. Based on the graph, the external benefit per hour of CPR training is $ b. If left to the private market, The efficient number of hours of training is hours of CPR training will occur. c. The externality in this market generates a deadweight loss of $
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- Assume that the marginal private costs of a film producing fuel-efficient can; is greater than the marginal social costs. Assume that the marginal private benefits of a firm producing fuel efficient cars are the same as the marginal social benefits. Discuss one wags.r that the government cans fly to increase production and sales of fuel efficient cars to the socially desirable amount. Hint: the government is flying to affect production through costs, net benefits.Do market demand curves reflect positive externalities? Why or why not?. Some dissenting scientists at Environment Canada disagree with the estimate of $1.50 for theenvironmental externality. They believe that the incidence of the externality is not constant acrossdifferent levels of production; instead the size of the externality is proportional to the level of output.That is, the larger is the output, the larger is the externality. Their research suggests that the truesocial cost of cereal production diverges from private costs at every level of production by an amountequal to ten percent of production (note: ten percent, not ten percentage points).The government would like to know the economic effects of implementing a tax to internalise theexternality in this case. Draw the diagram for this market and policy. Solve for all relevant Ps and Qs.Calculate producer surplus
- Suppose that the graph shows the market for CPR training in a small town, which generates public health benefits for the community. Price $32 $30 $28 $26 $24 $22 $20 $18 $16 $14 $12 $10 $8 $6 $4 $2 6 4 8 12 16 20 occur. b. If left to the private market, S Social Benefit Private Benefit Hours of CPR training a. Based on the graph, the external benefit per hour of CPR training is $ 24 28 32 The efficient number of hours of training is hours of CPR training will20 Supply Social Value 18 16 14 PRICE ㄓ 12 10 8 6 4 2 Demand 24 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 QUANTITY The graph indicates what type of externality? Positive In this type of market failure, is the quantity over-provided or under- provided? By how much? What is the socially optimal price? over-provided by 2 units $10 What is the socially optimal quantity? 10 units What is the market failure price? $8 What is the market failure quantity? 8 units1. How did Covid-19 affect businesses and the overall economy? 2. Governments and pharmaceutical companies rushed quickly ahead to develop a vaccine. Vaccinations and immunizations are examples of positive externalities. A positive externality is when an activity creates a benefit for those who are not involved in the transaction, a third party. Let’s examine the vaccination of Covid-19 as a positive externality. Question: Why is the Covid-19 vaccination considered a positive externality? 3. Market supply curve S and private demand curve Dp represent the market for vaccinations. Equilibrium is at point e, and the number of people getting the vaccination is Qe. Society would benefit, however, if more people would get the vaccination. Demand curve DS represents the marginal social benefit (MSB), which includes the private demand for vaccinations plus the external benefits that flow from it. Socially optimal enrollment would be Q1 (point f). Society would benefit the most by…
- $20 15 10 1,200 1,500 1,800 2,400 Refer to the figure. The figure represents the market for Covid vaccines with external benefits. The external of vaccination is benefit; $5 cost; $10 cost; $15 benefit; $201. Governments and pharmaceutical companies rushed quickly ahead to develop a vaccine. Vaccinations and immunizations are examples of positive externalities. A positive externality is when an activity creates a benefit for those who are not involved in the transaction, a third party. Let’s examine the vaccination of Covid-19 as a positive externality. Question: Why is the Covid-19 vaccination considered a positive externality? 2. Considering the information provided and your responses to Question 3 explain the potential unintended consequences of each one of these polices. Which policy would you enact and why?Which of the following are examples of negative externalities? A. Reduced spread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases from people physically distancing and wearing masks. B. Unsightly oil rigs offshore from Santa Barbara, diminishing the quality of the view for beachgoers and coastal homeowners. C. Reduced incidence of the common flu stemming from more people obtaining flu shots during the Fall. D. Reduced crime rates stemming from rapid economic growth and reduced unemployment. E. High gas prices caused by rapid demand growth in China. F. Job losses associated with a factory closure in the United States, because a factory was opened in Mexico to replace it. G. Noise from traffic on a busy street. H. Light pollution from cities making it more difficult for observatories to view distant stars. I. Noise pollution eminating from windmills on the North Shore of Oahu. J. Pollution emissions from power plants.
- EOC 11.04 Two businesses, X and Y, each dump 20 tonnes of pollution into a creek. In an effort to reduce pollution, the government will now require businesses to have a pollution permit to dump pollutants in the creek. Each business receives 10 pollution permits and they can use it to pollute or sell it to the other business (but lose the ability to pollute). To reduce pollution it costs business X $100 per tonne of pollutant eliminated and it costs business Y $50 per tonne of pollutant eliminated. Once the two businesses have traded these permits with each other, what is the likely outcome? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a business X emits 10 tonnes of pollutants and business Y emits 10 tonnes of pollutants. b business X no longer pollutes, and business Y will not lower the amount it pollutes. business X raises its pollution, and business Y will lower how much it pollutes. business Y no longer pollutes, and…69 07 JO in Question 20 of 20 > The graph shows the marginal social benefit curve (MSB) and MSB/MSC marginal social cost curve (MSC) of pollution emissions. MSC For the 1st unit of pollution emissions, the MSB is $62 greater than the MSC. 54 35 Determine the socially optimal quantity of pollution emissions. 15. MSB 45 23. Quantity of pollution emissions (tons) 19 pollution emissions: tons 4. Activate Windows Go to Settings to activate V Will a market economy, without any government LAPTOP LOGIN HIGH DEFINITION E USERNAME: student PASSWORD: Broward1 TravelMate B F12 PrtSc Pau F8 F10 Scr Lk SysRq Br F5 NumLk 8. 8. 6 6 % 03. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantityof consumption Consider the market for electricity. Suppose that a power plant dumps byproducts into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the plant. Producing additional electricity imposes a constant per-unit external cost of $150. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for electricity. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $150 per unit. 1000 Supply (Private Cost) XX PRICE (Dollars per unit of electricity) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 O 1 O 3 2 4 5 QUANTITY (Units of electricity) O The market equilibrium quantity is 6 Demand (Private Value) 7 Social Cost units of electricity, but the socially optimal quantity of electricity production is To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity of electricity, the government could impose…