(a) What is the hot reservoir temperature of a Carnot engine that has an efficiency of 42.0% and a cold reservoir temperature of 27.0C? (b) What must the hot reservoir temperature be for a real heat engine that achieves 0.700 of the maximum efficiency, but still has an efficiency of 42.0% (and a cold reservoir at 27.0C)? (c) Does your answer imply practical limits to the efficiency of car gasoline engines?

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Laws of thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a field of research, which needs the creation of absolute and ideal states and logical and practical examination of the actual conditions. By considering all the laws and theories of thermodynamics, the chemical reactions, the occurrence of processes, and physiological functions can be predicted with this field.