A thin layer of oil resides on top of motionless water. The index of refraction for the oil is 1.18 and for water is 1.33. A band of white light in air, strikes the oil layer at normal incidence. For what thickness of the oil layer would 633 nm light be strongly reflected and 543 nm light be weakly reflected? Enter a number measured in nanometers rounded to 3 figures. Get as close as you can to satisify both conditions.

You are underwater, on the seafloor, looking up. Use n=1.33 for the index of refraction of water. At what range of angles, as measured above the seafloor, can you NOT see out of the water? (You will need a carefully labeled diagram showing just where the light is coming from, and a reasoned explanation of why your answer is correct.)

A step-index fiber has an inner cylindrical core surrounded by a cylindrical cladding. The core has an index of refraction (n1 = 1.40).  Light of vacuum wavelength 633 nm enters the fiber from air (n0=1.00) at an angle θ0 as shown in the picture below. The incidence angle at the core-cladding interface is the critical angle θc. What should be the maximum value of the incident angle θ0 such that light is totally internally reflected at the core-cladding interface? a) 48.10.                   b) 46.10.                     c) 50.10.                       d) none of these.

Two beams of light start together and then hit a slab of two different kinds of material. This will cause one of the beams to get "ahead" of the other; that is, one will emerge from the slab sooner than the other. The beams have a wavelength of 570 nm outside the slabs, and the slab is d=2.3 μm thick. If the top half of the slab has index of refraction 1.79 and the bottom has index 1.39, by what time interval will one of the beams be ahead of the other once they've gone through the slab?

In the figure below, assume that two waves of light in the air are innitially in phase. One wave travels through a layer of a material of index of refraction n1 = 1.5 and thickness L = 0.5 micro m. The other travels through an equally thick plastic layer of index of refraction n2 = 2. The wavelength of the light is 500nm. If after transversing the materials the waves arrive at some common point with the same amplitude, is there interference fully constructive, fully destructive, intermediate but closer to fully constructive, or intermediate but closer to fully destructive.

As shown in the figure below, two transparent polycarbonate plates, each 19.0 cm long, touch each other at the right end, but are separated by a thin cylinder with a diameter of d = 0.0580 mm at the left end. (The plates are surrounded by air.) Light consisting of two wavelengths, 400 nm and 600 nm, is incident on and normal to the surface of the plate, and is viewed by reflection. At what distance from the contact point is the next dark fringe? X mm

Light from a medium with index of refraction n1=2.49 passes into a medium with index of refraction n2=1.10. What is the critical angle where incoming light would all reflect off of the boundary, without passing into the second medium? Answer in degrees, °, measured from the normal.

The Rayleigh criterion provides a convenient way to describe the theoretical resolution (e.g. an ability to distinguish two bright objects ) of an optical system. The criterion states that two small bright sources of light can be resolved if the first diffraction minimum of the image of one source point just coincides with of further apart then the first maximum of another (see figure below). A converging lens, 11.9 mm in diameter, is used to form images of distant objects. Considering the diffraction by the lens, what angular separation must two distant point objects have in order to satisfy Rayleigh's criterion? Assume that the wavelength of the light from the distant objects is 437 nm. Provide your answer in millidegrees  (mdeg).

Assume that a material is composed of 3 layers in descending order: air (nair = 1.00), water (nwater = 1.33), and glass (nglass= 1.52). Then, assume that a monochromatic light ray in the air passes through the surface of water with an angle of incidence 0₁ = 40 degrees. A. Find the angle of refraction in glass after it passes completely through the water layer. B. Find how fast is the light ray moving in the glass?

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