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Debenture Valuation
A debenture is a private and long-term debt instrument issued by financial, non-financial institutions, governments, or corporations. A debenture is classified as a type of bond, where the instrument carries a fixed rate of interest, commonly known as the ‘coupon rate.’ Debentures are documented in an indenture, clearly specifying the type of debenture, the rate and method of interest computation, and maturity date.
Note Valuation
It is the process to determine the value or worth of an asset, liability, debt of the company. It can be determined by many processes or techniques. Many factors can impact the valuation of an asset, liability, or the company, like:
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- Which of the following is TRUE concerning the distinction between interest rates and returns? Select one: a. The rate of return will be greater than the interest rate when the price of the bond falls during the holding period. b. The return can be expressed as the difference between the current yield and the rate of capital gains. c. The rate of return on a bond will not necessarily equal the interest rate on that bond. d. The return can be expressed as the sum of the discount yield and the rate of capital gainsSome characteristics of the determinants of nominal interest rates are listed as follows. Identify the components (determinants) and the symbols associated with each characteristic: Characteristic This is the premium added to the real risk-free rate to compensate for a decrease in purchasing power over time. As interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and as interest rates fall, bond prices rise. Because interest rate changes are uncertain, this premium is added as a compensation for this uncertainty. This is the rate for a short-term riskless security when inflation is expected to be zero. It is calculated by adding the inflation premium to r*. This is the premium added as a compensation for the risk that an investor will not get paid in full. It is based on the bond's marketability and trading frequency; the less frequently the security is traded, the higher the premium added, thus increasing the interest rate. Component Liquidity risk premium Maturity risk premium Inflation premium…1. What is the most accurate measure of interest rates? a) Current Yield b) Nominal Interest Rate c) Simple Interest Rate d) Yield to Maturity
- Assuming the pure expectations theory is correct, an upward-sloping yield curve implies:a. Interest rates are expected to increase in the future.b. Longer-term bonds are riskier than short-term bonds.c. Interest rates are expected to decline in the future.Assume that the risk-free rate increases, but the market risk premium remains constant. What impact would this have on the cost of debt? What impact would it have on the cost of equity? How should the capital structure weights are used to calculate the WACC be determined?Do solve all parts A. What risk premium do you use? Why? B. Why is the geometric mean lower than the arithmetic mean for both bonds and bills? C. If you had to use a risk premium with the longer periods, what biases will the investor have?
- What is expectations theory of the term structure of interest rates? Group of answer choices a. Long term interest is equal to average short-term interest rates. b. Average rates is the term of structure of interest rates. c. Short-term interest is equal to long-term interest rates. d. Long term interest is the sum of all short-term interest rates.According to the expectations theory of the term structure, O a when the yield curve is steeply upward-sloping, short-term interest rates are expected to rise in the future. O b. when the yield curve is downward-sloping, short-term interest rates are expected to decline in the future. O c. buyers of bonds prefer short-term to long-term bonds. O d. all of the above. O e. only A and B of the above.Which one of the following statements about the term structure of interest rates is true? A) The expectations hypothesis predicts a flat yield curve if anticipated future short-term rates exceed current short-term rates. B) The liquidity premium theory contends that lenders prefer to buy securities at the ghort-term end of the curve. C) The expectations hypothesis contends that the long-term spot rate is equal to the short-term rate. D) The liquidity premium theory indicates that, all else being equal, longer maturity bonds will have lower yields.
- Which of the following statements is/are most CORRECT? O 11 A yield curve depicts the relationship between bond's 'time to maturity and its yield to maturity. 2) A premium bond's price will decline over time if the required return remains unchanged. 3) A discount bond's price will decline over time if the required return remains unchanged. 4) Both a and b are correct.Which of the following statements is true?a. When the interest rate increases, the present value of asingle amount decreases.b. When the number of interest periods increases, thepresent value of a single amount increases.c. When the interest rate increases, the present value of anannuity increases.d. None of the above are true.Please expalin why this statement is (True). The traditional liquidity premium theory states that long-term interest rates are greater than the average of current and expected future short-term interest rates.