Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696527
Author: J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Transcribed Image Text:(a) Take a basis of 100 kmol fresh feed. Draw and fully label a process flow chart and
do degree-of-freedom analyses for the overall process, the fresh-feed/recycle
with the same bacteria found in the water. The ratio of impure feed water to powder
entering the mixer is 4.4:1. The stream leaving the mixer (containing DMEM, water, and
bacteria) is combined with the remaining 25% of the aqueous stream and fed to a filtration
unit to remove all of the bacteria that have contaminated the system, a total of 20.0 kg.
Once the bacteria have been removed, the sterile medium is combined with FBS and the
antibiotic cocktail PSG (Penicillin-Streptomycin-L-Glutamine) in a shaking unit to
generate 5000L of growth medium (SG = 1:2). The final composition of the growth
medium is 66.0 wt% H2O, 11.0% FBS, 8.0% PSG, and the balance DMEM.
(a) Draw and label the process flowchart.
(b) Do a degree-of-freedom analysis around each piece of equipment (mixer, filter,
and shaker), the splitter, the mixing point, and the overall system. Based on the
analysis, identify which system or piece of equipment should be the starting point
for further calculations.
(c) Calculate all of the unknown process variables.
(d) Determine a value for (i). the mass ratio of sterile growth medium product to feed
water and (ii) the mass ratio of bacteria in the water to bacteria in the powder.
(e) Suggest two reasons why the bacteria should be removed from the system.
Transcribed Image Text:2. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are among the most versatile building blocks in
nanotechnology. These unique pure carbon materials resemble rolled-up sheets of
graphite with diameters of several nanometers and lengths up to several micrometers.
They are stronger than steel, have higher thermal conductivities than most known
materials, and have electrical conductivities like that of copper but with higher current-
carrying capacity. Molecular transistors and biosensors are among their many
applications. While most carbon nanotube research has been based on laboratory-scale
synthesis, commercial applications involve large industrial-scale processes. In one such
process, carbon monoxide saturated with an organo-metallic compound (iron penta-
carbonyl) is decomposed at high temperature and pressure to form CNT, amorphous
carbon, and CO2. Each "molecule" of CNT contains roughly 3000 carbon atoms. The
reactions by which such molecules are formed are:
Decomposition of Fe(CO)s to form iron, which catalyzes Reaction (2)
Fe(CO)5 (g) → Fe (s) + 5CO (g)
(1)
Decomposition of CO to form CNT
6000CO (g) → C3000 (s) + 3000CO2 (g)
(2)
Decomposition of CO to form amorphous carbon
2C0 (g) C (s) + CO2 (g)
(3)
In the process to be analyzed, a fresh feed of CO saturated with Fe(CO)s(v) contains
19.2 wt.% of the latter component. The feed is joined by a recycle stream of pure CO and
fed to the reactor, where all of the iron penta-carbonyl decomposes. Based on laboratory
data, 20.0% of the CO fed to the reactor is converted, and the selectivity of CNT to
amorphous carbon production is 9.00 kmol CNT/kmol C. The reactor effluent passes
through a complex separation process that yields three product streams: one consists of
solid CNT, C, and Fe; a second is CO2; and the third
determine the flow rate of the fresh feed (SCM/h), the total CO2 generated in the process
(kg/h), and the ratio (kmol CO recycled/kmol CO in fresh feed).
the recycled CO. You wish to
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