A sunspot has a temperature of about 4200 K. Use the Stefan-Boltzmann law to calculate how much energy is emitted in one second from 1 square meter of the sunspot.
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A sunspot has a temperature of about 4200 K. Use the Stefan-Boltzmann law to calculate how much energy is emitted in one second from 1 square meter of the sunspot.
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- Give proper explanation The surface temperature of the Sun is about 5750 K. What is this temperature on the Fahrenheit scale?Why are measurements of the Sun's 10.7 cm radio emission used to monitor the state of the solar cycle? Choose all correct answers. A. It provides a repeatable, objective measurement of solar activity B. It serves as a good proxy for EUV emissions C. It is measured from space, so it is not affected by clouds D. It can be used to predict the occurrence of coronal mass ejectionsWhat types of changes effect the Sun's energy output? Cycle 24 Sunspot Number (V2.0) Prediction (2016 10) 300 200 100 Cycle Cycle Cycle 22 23 24 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Hathaway NASA/ARC O A. 11 year solar sunspot cycles change the amount of radiation given off by the Sun. O B. As the Sun rotates more energy is scattered to space and less is retained on the surface. O C. Cycles of solar flares and prominences heat and cool the layers below the Sun's surface. O D. Solar energy is affected by the core output of photons.
- If a sunspot has a temperature of 4,430 K and the sunspot can be considered a blackbody, what is the wavelength (in nm) of maximum intensity of the sunspot's radiation?The Sun has a radius of about 700,000 km and a surface temperature of 5800 K. Assuming it is a perfect blackbody (an emissivity of 1), what is the rate of energy radiated (in W) from the surface of the Sun? (Hint: the surface area of a sphere is 4πR2; enter your answer in scientific notation, 1.23E12 means 1.23 * 1012).For several hundred years, astronomers have kept track of the number of solar flares, or sunspots which occur on the surface of the sun. The number of sunspots counted varies periodically from a minimum of about 10 per year to a maximum of about 110 per year. Between the maximum that occurred in the years 1750 and 1948, there were 18 completed cycles. A.) What is the period of the sunspot cycle? B.) Assume that the number of sunspots varies sinusoidally with the year. Sketch a graph of two sun spot cycles, starting in 1948. C.) Write an equation expressing the number of sunspots per year in terms of the year. D.) what is the first year after 2000 in which the number of sunspots will be about 35? A maximum?
- The sun produces energy via nuclear fusion at the rate of 4x10 J/s. Based on the proposed overall fusion equation, how long will the sun shine in years before it exhausts its hydrogen fuel? (Assume that there are 365 days in the average year.) Express your answer to one significant figure and include the appropriate units.a.Calculate the mass loss rate of the Sun M˙ due to the solar wind flow. Assume averageproperties of the solar wind of number density 6 protons cm−3, and a flow speed of 450 kms−1. Express your answer in units of both kg per year, and solar masses per year. b.Suppose the solar wind flow is perfectly radial. Calculate the expected rate of change ofsolar rotation frequency dω/dt at the present time, based on conservation of angular momentum. Give your answer in units of rad s−1 y−1(i.e., radians per second per year) and alsoin terms of fractional change per year, i.e., 1/ωdω/dt .Use a current solar rotation period of P = 25.38 days to calculate the current angularfrequency of rotation ω. The moment of inertia of a uniform sphere is 2/5 MR2. You canassume that the radius of the Sun is approximately constant, and the change in its momentof inertia due to the solar wind is only due to the mass loss. c.By observing the rotation period of stars similar to the Sun, it is inferred that their…The sun produces energy via nuclear fusion at the rate of 4×1026 J/s . Based on the proposed overall fusion equation, how long will the sunshine in years before it exhausts its hydrogen fuel? (Assume that there are 365 days in the average year.)
- Assume that the core of the Sun has one-eighth of the Sun’s mass and is compressed within a sphere whose radius is one-fourth of the solar radius.Assume further that the composition of the core is 35% hydrogen by mass and that essentially all the Sun’s energy is generated there. If the Sun continues to burn hydrogen at the current rate of 6.2 *1011 kg/s, how long will it be before the hydrogen is entirely consumed? The Sun’s mass is 2.0 * 1030 kg.Our Sun shines bright with a luminosity of 3.828 x 1026 Watt. Her energy is responsible for many processes and the habitable temperatures on the Earth that make our life possible. (a) Calculate the amount of energy arriving on the Earth in a single day. (b) To how many litres of heating oil (energy density: 37.3 x 10° J/litre) is this equivalent? (c) The Earth reflects 30% of this energy: Determine the temperature on Earth's surface. (d) What other factors should be considered to get an even more precise temperature estimate? Note: The Earth's radius is 6370 km; the Sun's radius is 696 x 10³ km; 1 AU is 1.495 x 108 km.Our Sun shines bright with a luminosity of 3.828 x 1026 Watt. Her energy is responsible for manyprocesses and the habitable temperatures on the Earth that make our life possible.(a) Calculate the amount of energy arriving on the Earth in a single day.(b) To how many litres of heating oil (energy density: 37.3 x 106J/litre) is this equivalent?(c) The Earth reflects 30% of this energy: Determine the temperature on Earth’s surface.(d) What other factors should be considered to get an even more precise temperature estimate?