A stratum of clay is 2 m thick and has an initial overburden pressure of 50 kN/m' at the middle of the clay layer. The clay is overconsolidated with a preconsolidation pressure of 75 kN/m². The values of the coefficients of recompression and compression indices are 0.05 and 0.25 respectively. Assume the initial void ratio e=1.40. Determine the final settlement due to an increase of pressure of 40 kN/m² at the middle of the clay layer.

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.