Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780190698614
Author: Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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- John is employed by a new food processing plant where eggs are to be boiled in large quantities to produce egg salad. John has been assigned the task of determining the minimum cooking time for the eggs, utilizing his vast knowledge of heat transfer. As a basis of calculation, he assumed that the eggs are perfect spheres with a diameter of 5 cm and uniform material properties (r =1000kg/m'; Cp = 3300 J/(kg K) and k=0.75 W/(m-K)). The eggs were taken from a cold storage room at 5°C and immediately put into pots of boiling water at 100°C. The convective heat transfer coefficient of the water is h = 1500 W/m°K. For health safety reasons, the plant requires that the entire egg must be at a temperature above 75°C for at least 20 seconds in order for the cooking process to be complete. a. What is the minimum time necessary to cook the egg to company specifications? b. In the testing lab, John forgot to remove a batch of eggs, and they remained in the cooking pot long enough to reach a…arrow_forwardA food product with 73% moisture content in a 7 cm diameter can wants to be frozen. The density of the product is 970 kg / m³, the thermal conductivity is 1.2 W / (m K), and the initial freezing temperature is -2 ° C. After 11 hours in the freezing medium -30 ° C, the product temperature becomes -10 ° C. Estimate the convection heat transfer coefficient of the freezing medium. Assume the can as an infinite cylinder. h = W / (m² K).arrow_forwardNumber 3 A food product with 80% moisture content in a 7 cm diameter can wants to be frozen. The density of the product is 1000 kg/m³, the thermal conductivity is 1.0 W/(m²K), and the initial freezing temperature is -1.75°C. After 8 hours in the freezing medium -25°C, the product temperature becomes -10°C. Estimate the convection heat transfer coefficient of the freezing medium. Assume the can as an infinite cylinder. h= answer in W/(m²K)arrow_forward
- Homework problem for unsteady-state heat transfer Consider a product to be sterilized if its coldest location during heating reaches 115°C. Consider sterilization of potatoes where potatoes (4 cm diameter) is heated in steam at 121°C. Assume symmetrical heating of potatoes and the heat transfer coefficient between the steam and the potatoes is 20 W/m² K. The thermal diffusivity for potatoes is 1.5 × 107m²/s and the thermal conductivity is 0.4 W/m K. The potatoes are initially at 30°C. 1) Calculate the heating time needed for sterilization. 2) Calculate the temperature at the center of the potato after heating 1000 s and 2000 s. Plot how the temperature at the center changes with time t. 3) Calculate the temperature at the surface of the potato at 2000 s. Qualitatively plot how the temperature changes across the apple at t = 2000 s.arrow_forwardPlate glass 5 mm thick at 200°C is to be cooled from both sides using air at 40°C. If surface cracks are to be avoided, determine the maximum value of convective heat transfer coefficient. Material properties are density = 2500 kg/m3, specific heat 670 J/kgK. Thermal conductivity 0.744 W/mk. Also determine the time required in this to cool the plate to 80°C.arrow_forwardA 10 cm-thick beef steak is being frozen in a -40°C room. The product has 73% moisture content, density of 970 kg/m³, and thermal conductivity (frozen) of 1.1 W/(m K). Estimate the freezing time using Plank’s equation. The product has an initial freezing temperature of -1.75°C, and the movement of air in the freezing room provides a convective heat-transfer coefficient of 10 W/(m² K). a. tf =... harrow_forward
- Steel cubes 10 mm in width are annealed by heating to 1,377 K and then slowly cooling to 469 K in an air environment for which T∞ = 301 K and h = 24 W/m2-K. Assuming the properties of the steel to be k = 24 W/m · K, ρ = 7,047 kg/m3, and c = 916 J/kg · K, estimate the time required for the cooling process.arrow_forwardA food product wants to be produced in a small round shape (pellet) by freezing it in a water blast freezer freezer. Air freezer operates at -25 ° C. The initial product temperature is 25 ° C. The pellet has a diameter of 0.5 cm, and a density of 980 kg / m3. The initial freezing temperature is -2.5 ° C. The latent heat of freezing of the product is 280 kJ / kg. The thermal conductivity of the frozen product is 1.9 W / (m ° C). The convective heat transfer coefficient is 50 W / (m? K). Calculate the freeze time.arrow_forward
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