A son and his mother both have an inherited disorder that affects the nervous system. How would you determine if the disorder is caused by a change inchromosome structure, such as a deletion or duplication?
Q: an human is born with 45 chromosomes, what type of mutation occurred within this individual?
A: Human beings have 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 1 pair of sexual chromosomes. Autosomes…
Q: Why do chromosomes have moredifferent types of nonhistone than histone proteins?
A: Both histones and non-histones are proteins that contribute to the DNA structure. These are the main…
Q: What are the components of a single nucleosome?a. About 146 bp of DNA and four core histone…
A: Introduction: DNA packaging refers to the folding of the DNA of an organism into a structure that is…
Q: Describe the transitions that occur as nucleosomes are coiled and folded, ultimately forming a…
A: Step 1 Nucleosomes are sub-microscopic sub-unit of chromatin which is formed by the wrapping of DNA…
Q: What is a structure in the centromere region of each chromatid that is specialized for conveyance?
A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…
Q: What determines how much of the chromosomal DNA is transferred?
A: In bacteria chromosomal DNA is transferred between the bacteria either by direct contact or by…
Q: What are the components of a single nucleosome?a. About 146 bp of DNA and four histone proteinsb.…
A: Nucleus in a eukaryotic cell consists of well packed DNA in a condensed form of chromatin fibers.…
Q: The chromatids remain attached at their centromeres until?
A: DNA which carries the genetic information of the entire organism is long double stranded, which…
Q: How many types of histone proteins are present in eukaryotic chromatin? 3
A: In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, histones are highly basic proteins with a lot of lysine and…
Q: Define the Chromatin Structure and Nucleosomes ?
A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a long thread-like structure, which is approximately 2 meters in…
Q: In which phases of the cell cycle would you expect double-strand break repair and nonhomologous end…
A: The cell cycle is a process in which the size of the cell increases, the DNA copies, and prepare to…
Q: What is the function of a centromere? At what stage of the cellcycle would you expect the centromere…
A: Chromosomes are long thread-like structures that carry coded genetic information in the form of DNA.…
Q: What are non-histone chromosomal proteins?
A: In the nucleus of each cell in higher organisms, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like…
Q: What difference exists between the compaction of chromosomes during metaphase versus interphase?…
A: Chromosomal condensation: In the case of a eukaryotic chromosome, there are 3 levels of chromatin…
Q: What is the relation between the concepts of chromatin andchromosome? Are euchromatin and…
A: Genetics is a part of science worried about the investigation of genes, genetic variety, and…
Q: Most forms of cancer are caused by environmental agents that produce mutations in somatic cells. Is…
A: Environmental factors have been known to trigger a lot of the mutations which develop into cancerous…
Q: What errors can occur during mitosis?
A: The division of a parent cell into two or more daughter cells is called cell division. A series of…
Q: Which of the following statements about histones is true?a. They are proteins whose sequence is…
A: The chromosomes are duplicated during the process of cell division. The process of cell division…
Q: draw the structure of Centromeres
A: The study of cells is called cytology. It basically deals with the study of cells with respect to…
Q: Define centromere
A: Chromosome is a long molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid with all or portion of the hereditary…
Q: What is the difference between metaphase 1 and metaphase 2?
A: In the process of cell division, the chromatin present in the nucleus shrinks and forms a thread…
Q: If the chromatin is removed from a eukaryotic nucleus, what remains?
A: Chromatin is a condensed structure of DNA and proteins that give rise to chromosomes of eukaryotic…
Q: Name the 5 types of histones, Which form the nucleosome core and which histone holds the nucleosome…
A: Histones are protein biomolecules that are responsible for stabilizing and condensing the DNA of…
Q: What difference exists between the compaction of chromosomes during metaphase and interphase?
A: The cell cycle starts with long interphase followed by short mitotic phase. Interphase prepares cell…
Q: What materials provide the substance of a densely staining chromosomes present during mitosis?
A: Chromosomes are the structures that are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell. These are thread…
Q: What is the probability of a mutation occurring within the protein coding region of the human genome…
A: Changes in base sequences in DNA is called mutation. It may due occur due to the exposure of many…
Q: How many chromosomes are there in each stage of mitosis in an animal like Drosophila?
A: Drosophila is a diploid organism. Each of the diploid somatic cells of Drosophila has eight…
Q: If a cell is deficient of REC8, how would this affect the chromosome movement during mitosis and…
A: REC8 is a very important component of meiosis specifically the prophase It forms the pro phase…
Q: What is a centromere made up of and Where is a centromere located?
A: Centromere is a part of eukaryotic chromosomes. It helps the chromosome to bind with spindle fibre.
Q: How eukaryotic cells modify chromatin ?
A: Eukaryotic cells modify chromatin through the process called chromatin remodeling. In the process,…
Q: What is the key difference between metaphase I and metaphase II?
A: In meiosis, diploid germ cells are formed by two nuclear divisions, that is meiosis I and meiosis…
Q: In a human cell at the end of prophase I, how many chromatids, centromeres, and bivalents are…
A: Cell cycle is a series of changes occur in a newly divided cell through which it duplicates its…
Q: What is the key difference between anaphase I and anaphase II?
A: The type of cell division in which the chromosome number is reduced to half is termed as meiosis.…
Q: What is chromatin condensation?
A: The sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its genome, synthesis the other constituents of…
Q: How
A: Introduction :- In the cell nucleus, the DNA double helix is tightly wrapped around nuclear…
Q: Why is it important for a chromosome to be copied before mitosis?
A: Mitosis is a process of cell division in somatic cells. In this cell division, cells divide into two…
Q: What would happen to a acentric chromosome during cell division?
A: Acentric chromosome is a fragment of a chromosome that lacks a centromere. Acentric chromosomes are…
Q: Which histone is present in a chromatosome? H1 H2A O H3
A: Chromatin is a macromolecular structure in eukaryotic cells that is mostly made up of DNA and…
Q: Why is it important for each daughter cell to contain information identical to the parent cell?
A: Mitosis is a type of cell division which results in the formation of two daughter cells with the…
Q: What makes microtubules more dynamic in mitosis?
A: Introduction The cytoskeleton is made up primarily of microtubules. They are present in all…
Q: During cell division what does the centrosome generates?
A: The cell is the basic unit of life. The tissue is a group of cells that perform specific functions.…
Q: Differentiate between Centromere and Telomere.
A: Chromosome is the rod shaped, dark stained bodies which are most prominently seen in the metaphase…
Q: If there are 48 centromeres in a cell at anaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will be found in…
A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each…
Q: During mitosis, a single cell divides to produce two daughter cells. What must happen in the…
A: Cell division is a process by which a cell divides it's nucleus and cytoplasm and ultimately produce…
Q: Which cells in the human body undergo mitosis and do you think these cells are genetically identical…
A: Mitosis is that one type of cell division in which one parent cell divide to produce genetically…
Q: Your somatic cells are diploid. True or False?
A: A somatic cell, or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism…
Q: How many nucleosomes are involved per turn of the spiral arrangements of the chromatin fiber?
A: Nucleosome is the main and basic unit of DNA packaging in the eukaryotic cells. The structure of…
Q: Histones are made of which structures?
A: The genetic material DNA is found in all organisms and it is found in the nucleolus of the nucleus.…
A son and his mother both have an inherited disorder that affects the nervous system. How would you determine if the disorder is caused by a change in
chromosome structure, such as a deletion or duplication?
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- Cystic fibrosis is a disease that occurs when an individual carries two copies of a recessive version of a membrane transport gene. A person that is a carrier for cystic fibrosis (that means they carry one copy of the gene that causes cystic fibrosis but their other copy is normal - they do not have cystic fibrosis) has a child with another person that is also a carrier for cystic fibrosis. What is the probability that this couple has three children that do not have cystic fibrosis AND are also not carriers of cystic fibrosis? 0.25 0.422 0.016 2.25 0.75Are mutations that arise during mitosis or meiosis the same? Explain in 15 sentences.Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disease that affects many parts of the body, but primarily presents itself through difficulty breathing and through cysts in the pancreas. It is caused by mutations in the gene CFTR. What chromosome is the gene on?
- The dominant condition elliptocytosis causes red blood cells to become misshapen into oval-shaped cells. One of the genes responsible for the abnormal shape encodes the band 4.1 protein that together with ankyrin and other scaffold proteins creates and maintains the spherical concave shape of a normal red blood cell. The gene for band 4.1 protein, EPB41, is found on the p arm of chromosome 1. This is very close to the gene encoding the red blood cell Rhesus (Rh) blood type, either phenotype + (dominant) or - (recessive), with a recombination frequency of 2%. This means that 98% of the time alleles for these two genes are linked and are transmitted together. Diane and Jack are siblings, and both have elliptocytosis and Rh+ blood type. Due to the elliptocytosis, both had emergency splenectomies after having severe anemia. Their younger brother, Devonté, has not yet shown signs of elliptocytosis, but has Rh- blood. André, their dad, also has elliptocytosis and Rh+ blood; while their…The interphase is the part of the eukaryotic cell cycle that is most transcriptionally active. Gene regulation during this phase involves changes in the chromatin. a) What is chromatin? b) How can the chromatin structure change?What are non-histone chromosomal proteins?
- Like Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease involves an abnormal accumulationof substances within lysosomes. However, the lysosomes of individuals with Fabry disease show an abnormal accumulation of lipids. The defective enzyme is α-galactosidase A, which is a lysosomal enzyme that functions in lipid metabolism. The defect causes cell damage, especially to the kidneys, heart, and eyes. The gene that encodes α-galactosidase A is found on the X chromosome. Let’s suppose a phenotypically unaffected couple producestwo sons with Fabry disease and one phenotypically unaffecteddaughter. What is the probability that the daughter will have anaffected son?What is the difference between a prophage and a Lysogen?Explain the following terms: Non-histone Chromosomal (NHC) proteins, euchromatin & Heterochromatin.
- An individual has a deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 5. This individual also has a normal copy of chromosome 5. Would you expect this individual to have Cri-du-chat syndrome? Why or why not? Question 7 options: A) Yes, because they will inactivate their normal chromosome 5 B) Yes, because they only contain one copy of some of their genes C) No, because this is a terminal deficiency D) No, because they still have at least one copy of all the genes on chromosome 5Scientists are working to develop gene therapy to treat Batten disease, also known as Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (LINCL). This fatal, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder results from a mutation in the gene that codes for the enzyme TPP1 (Tripeptidyl peptidase 1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 1. Briefly outline a procedure that you could use to carry out the gene therapy for Batten disease.A mutation creates a dominant negative allele of a particular gene. The gene encodes a protein that forms a trimer within the cell. If one or more of the subunits has the mutant structure, the entire trimeric protein is inactive. In a heterozygous cell, if the proteins of both alleles are present at the same levels, what percent of the trimers present in the cell will be active? A) 100% B) 5% C) 50% D) 33% E) 5%