
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
![**Chromatography Analysis: Understanding Retention Factor, Mobile Phase Fraction, and Distribution Constant**
In this exercise, you will learn to calculate key parameters used in chromatography analysis: the retention factor, time fraction in the mobile phase, and distribution constant. These are essential for understanding the interactions within a chromatography column.
### Problem Statement
A solvent passes through a chromatography column in 3.87 minutes, but the solute requires 7.60 minutes.
#### 1. What is the retention factor, \( k \)?
\[
k = \text{(retention time of solute)} - \text{(retention time of solvent)}
\]
Enter your calculated value for \( k \) here: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
#### 2. What fraction of the time does the solute spend in the mobile phase in the column?
\[
t_{\text{fraction in mobile phase}} = \frac{\text{retention time of solvent}}{\text{retention time of solute}}
\]
Enter the time fraction here: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
#### 3. The volume of the stationary phase is 0.133 times the volume of the mobile phase in the column (\( V_S = 0.133V_M \)). What is the distribution constant, \( K_D \), for this system?
\[
K_D = \frac{k}{V_S/V_M}
\]
Enter the distribution constant here: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
By determining these values, you will gain valuable insight into the dynamics and efficiency of separation within the chromatography system.](https://content.bartleby.com/qna-images/question/83ec917b-3e82-4dc1-b5e7-24fa4bff0896/43f29aa6-4ab4-44ff-b1d5-fc5d7b47861f/glj1cfk_thumbnail.jpeg)
Transcribed Image Text:**Chromatography Analysis: Understanding Retention Factor, Mobile Phase Fraction, and Distribution Constant**
In this exercise, you will learn to calculate key parameters used in chromatography analysis: the retention factor, time fraction in the mobile phase, and distribution constant. These are essential for understanding the interactions within a chromatography column.
### Problem Statement
A solvent passes through a chromatography column in 3.87 minutes, but the solute requires 7.60 minutes.
#### 1. What is the retention factor, \( k \)?
\[
k = \text{(retention time of solute)} - \text{(retention time of solvent)}
\]
Enter your calculated value for \( k \) here: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
#### 2. What fraction of the time does the solute spend in the mobile phase in the column?
\[
t_{\text{fraction in mobile phase}} = \frac{\text{retention time of solvent}}{\text{retention time of solute}}
\]
Enter the time fraction here: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
#### 3. The volume of the stationary phase is 0.133 times the volume of the mobile phase in the column (\( V_S = 0.133V_M \)). What is the distribution constant, \( K_D \), for this system?
\[
K_D = \frac{k}{V_S/V_M}
\]
Enter the distribution constant here: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
By determining these values, you will gain valuable insight into the dynamics and efficiency of separation within the chromatography system.
Expert Solution

This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
This is a popular solution
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Step by stepSolved in 2 steps

Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider Table 1, which lists the volumes of the Fe3+ and SCN- solutions used for the continuous variation method. Note that each of the stock solutions is 0.002 M before mixing. What are the initial concentrations of Fe3+ and SCN- for solution 4, where the volumes are both 5 mL? [Initial meaning after they are mixed, but before]they reach equilibrium)arrow_forwardWhat mass of MgCl₂ 6H₂O is required to make a 0.200 dm³ stock solution containing 25.0 ppm Mg(II)? What volumes of this stock solution are required to make 10.0 cm³ standard solutions containing 5.00, 1.00 and 0.10 ppm Mg(II)?arrow_forwardA 100 ml bottle of metronidazole 100 mg/ml suspension is available in your pharmacy. Calculate the volume of this suspension needed to be diluted with cherry syrup to prepare 60 ml of a 4% metronidazole suspension. 1 ml of a 1:1000 epinephrine injection was mixed with 20 ml of 1% lidocaine injection. Calculate the new ratio strength of epinephrine in the admixture. (IGNORE ANY VOLUME CHANGES AFTER ADMIXTURE) Instead of preparing 4 grams of tetracaine hydrochloride 4% gel an 8% gel was compounded by mistake. How many grams of the 8% gel and gel base must be mixed to get 4 grams of a 4% gel? How many milliliters of 70% ethanol and 20% ethanol must be mixed to prepare 500 ml of 30% ethanol? A diphenhydramine elixir contains 12.5 mg drug in one teaspoon. The volume of oral vehicle that is to be added to 100 ml of this elixir to reduce its strength by one half its original strength is; 6. 90 capsules of Liothyronine (T3) 15 micrograms are to be prepared. The formula calls for a 1:10000…arrow_forward
- Nonearrow_forwardCaffeine Benzoic acid y = 66.391x R2E0.9995 y= 23.633x R? =0:9999 0.5 Injection Volume Injection Volume Aspartame Saccrine y = 6.2204x.. R2 =0.9997 y = 21.43x R² = 0.9891 2.5 0.5 2.5 Injection Volume Injection Volume (Abs) Peak height (Abs) Peak height 2. (Abs) Peak height (Abs) Peak heightarrow_forwardA solution contains 0.10 M Sr(NO3)₂ and 0.20 M Bi(NO₂). When solid Na AsO is added to the solution a precipitate forms. What concentration of AsO ³ maintains maximum separation of Sr²+ and Bi³+? Ksp of Sr₂(AsO₂)₂ = 4.29 x 10-1⁹ and BIASO = 4.43 x 10-1⁰ 4 4/2arrow_forward
- A tea bag containing 15 grams of tea leaves with 0.7% of caffeine was used in solid-liquid extraction with 200ml of distilled water followed by liquid-liquid extraction using DCM. If 50.0mg of caffeine requires 10 ml of water and 3.0ml of DCM to be dissolved, how much caffeine can be extracted using 70.0ml of DCM? a. 4.8 x 10^-2 b. 5.7 x 10^-2 c. 3.8 x 10^-3 d. 5.8 x 10^-3arrow_forwardThe distribution ratio D for an analyte is defined as the ratio of its analytical concentration in two immiscible solvents (organic versus aqueous): D = Corg/Caq Show that the fraction of analyte remained in the aqueous phase after the extraction (from aqueous to organic) is given by the following: Fraction remained = Vaq/(VorgD + Vaq) where Vaq and Vorg are the volume of water and organic solvent used in the extraction, respectively.arrow_forwardThe equation of the straight line determined from a least squares fit procedure for an experiment in which the instrument readout, R, was plotted on the y-axis and the concentration, C, in parts per million was plotted on the x-axis is R = 1.37 C + 0.029 What is the analyte concentration in the unknown if the instrument readout for the unknown is 0.481?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY