A smooth vertical wall retains a sandy backfill underlain by clay with a surcharge q=200 kN/m. Assuming the entire soil is in the Rankine active state. Determine the magnitude and location of the resultant active force on the wall.

A retaining wall with a smooth vertical back retains silt backfill for a depth of 6 m. The backfill has a horizontal surface having following properties c'= 10 kPa, = 20° and y = 17 kN/m³. Calculate the percentage decrement in the magnitude of thrust on the wall when the wall is restrained against yielding to when the wall is free to yield (assume development of tension crack when wall yields). A 32.8% B 45.7% C 50.3% D 61.4%

A rigid retaining wall of 6 m height (Fig. Ex. 11.11) has two layers of backfill. The top layer to a depth of 1.5 m is sandy clay having = 20°, c = 12.15kN/m² and y 16.4kN/m³ The bottom layer is sand having = 30°, c =0, and y = 17.25kN/m³Determine the total active earth pressure acting on the wall and draw the pressure distribution diagram. 1.5 m 6 m GL c= 12.15 kN/m² 1.5 m y = 16.4 kN/m³ y = 17.25 kN/m³ = 30°,c=0 FE Sand 4.5 m TAVIAVAVAVAVA Sandy = 20° clay 8.2 kN/m² Figure Ex. 11.11 -34.1 kN/m².

Determine the active and passive force acting on a 3 meter high wall that supports clay with an undrained shear strength of 100 kPa and a unit weight of 19.20 kN/m