A secure email system is expected to provide confidentiality, sender's non-repudiation, and message integrity. Alice uses three keys to achieve this goal. The three keys are Alice's private key (KA), Bob's public key (Kg), and a randomly generated symmetric key (Kg). The encryption procedure is shown below: How can Bob 1) decrypt the data, 2) verify the message's integrity, and 3) verify the sender's non-repudiation? Describe the detailed steps (including the formulas) and show your work. m- I am using SHA-256 H() KA @ KA(9) KA(H(M)) ↓ + Ks Ks( KB() 4 K Ks 12] K₂(m, KA(H(m)) KB(Ks) Internet

Alice and Bob agree to use the prime p = 1373 and the base g = 2 for communications using the Elgamal public key cryptosystem. Bob chooses b = 716 as his private key, so his public key is B ≡ 2716 ≡ 469 (mod 1373). Alice encrypts the message m = 583 using the random element k = 877. What is the ciphertext (c1, c2) that Alice sends to Bob?

Suppose Alice has a public key with modulus 815153 and encryption exponent 91. Eve intercepts a ciphertext 766247from Bob that was encrypted using this key. She calculates 766247⋅941^91(mod815153)=143804 and asks Alice to decrypt this message as an authentication test. Alice responds with the decrypted message 167698 Find the plaintext without factoring Alice’s modulus.

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Alice and Bod have decided to use a symmetric encryption algorithm. They have some assumptions about their messages:- Messages only contain capital letters (i.e. A to Z)- The length of their shared key must be greater than or equal to the length of the plaintext- They assign each letter a number as follows: (A,0), (B,1), (C,2), (D,3),…, (Z,25)Their algorithm combines the key and the message using modular addition. The numerical values of corresponding message and key letters are added together, modulo 26. For example, if the plain text is “HELLO” and the key is “SECRET” then the encrypted message is calculated as following:Since the length of the plaintext is 5, we just need the first 5 letters of the key (i.e. “SECRE”), then for each letter, we should add corresponding letters in both the plaintext and the key modulo 26.Plaintext: H (7) E (4) L (11) L (11) O (14)Key: S (18) E (4) C (2) R (17) E(4)Cipher: Z (25) I (8) N(13) C(2) S (18) Write a program in Python, C/C++ or JavaScript to…

Perform Encryption and decryption using the RSA algorithm for the following: a. p=5; q = 11; e = 3; M = 12 b. p= 3; q = 17; e = 7; M = 2 c. p=7; q = 19; e = 11; M = 5 d. p= 7; q = 13; e = 11; M = 8 e. p= 13; q = 23; e = 5; M = 10