A river is moving east at 5 m/s. A boat starts from the dock heading 40◦ south of east at 8 m/s. If the river is 2000 m wide, (a) what is the velocity of the boat with respect to Earth and (b) how long does it take the boat to cross the river?

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Relative Velocity

It is a measurement of an object with regards to the other object which is moving or stable or stationary. For example, if we are traveling in a bus and the bus is moving at speed of 50km/hr, then our speed is according to the nearby passenger on the bus is zero. According to them, we are not moving. But if one person standing on the ground or road observes us from outside of the bus, according to him we are moving at a speed of 50km/hr and the bus is also moving at a speed of 50km/hr. Now, the motion is recognized by the observer, it depends on a frame of reference or observer. This is motion called relative motion.