A purified protein is in a HEPES (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N-(2-ethanesulfonic acid)) buffer at pH 7 with 600 mM NaCl. A 1 mL sample of the protein solution is placed in a tube made of dialysis membrane and dialyzed against 2.0 L of the same HEPES buffer with 0 mM NaCl. Small molecules and ions, such as Na, Cl, and HEPES, can diffuse across the dialysis membrane, but the protein cannot. Once the dialysis has come to equilibrium, what is the concentration of NaCl in the protein sample? Assume no volume changes occur in the sample during the dialysis. [NaCI] = mM If the original 1 mL sample were dialyzed twice, successively, against 200 mL of the same HEPES buffer with 0 mM NaCl, what would be the final NaCl concentration in the sample? (NaCI] mM

Solutions can be considered as homogeneous mixtures which contain two or more than two chemical substances. The chemical substance which is the greater part is defined as solvent. And the chemical substance that is dissolved in a solvent is referred to a…