A psychologist is studying the effects of lack of sleep on the performance of various perceptual-motor tasks. After a given period of sleep deprivation, a measurement of reaction time to an auditory stimulus was taken for each of 36 adult male subjects. The reaction times (in seconds) are summarized as follows:                 x = 1.82, s = 0.22  Previous psychological studies show that the true mean reaction time for non-sleep-deprived male subjects is 1.70 seconds.  Does the sample evidence indicate that the mean reaction time for sleep-deprived male subjects is  longer than that of non-sleep-deprived male subjects  ? α = 0.05 (ii) The test statistic for the above problem is

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...