A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 6.80 x 105 m2 and mass m = 5,900 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m2.
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- A star emits most of the energy it produces in the form of light waves. A spherical spacecraft of radius r = 50 m arrives to investigate the star. It is at a distance of 50 · 10^6 km from the stars center. The spaceship absorbs all the light that hits its surface. The power absorbed by the spacecraft from the star is 10^7 W (assume that the spaceship absorbs all the radiation that hits it). (a) Estimate the force that the EM radiation exerts on the spaceship. (b) What is the intensity (energy per area) of the star’s radiation at the location of the spacecraft? (c) What is the power output of the star? (d) Say that there is second spherical spacecraft a distance d = 10^8 km away, with a radius r = 10 m. If this spacecraft completely absorbs the radiation of the star, what is the power absorbed by the spaceship? [hint: The important area of the spaceship is its circular cross section]A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 6.90 x 105 m2 and mass m = 5,000 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m?. (a) What force (in N) is exerted on the sail? (Enter the magnitude.) (b) What is the sail's acceleration? (Enter the magnitude in um/s2.) |um/s? (c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval (in days) required for the sail to reach the Moon, 3.84 x 10° m away, starting from rest at the Earth. days (d) What If? If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 400 km, show that a sail of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s².) m/s2 (e) What would the mass density (in kg/m2) of…A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 5.20 ✕ 105 m2 and mass m = 6,800 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m2. (a) What force (in N) is exerted on the sail? (Enter the magnitude.) N (b) What is the sail's acceleration? (Enter the magnitude in µm/s2.) µm/s2 (c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval (in days) required for the sail to reach the Moon, 3.84 ✕ 108 m away, starting from rest at the Earth. days (d) What If? If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 300 km, show that a sail of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s2.) m/s2 (e) What would the mass…
- A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 5.20 x 105 m² and mass m = 6,200 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m². (a) What force (in N) is exerted on the sail? (Enter the magnitude.) N (b) What is the sail's acceleration? (Enter the magnitude in µm/s².) μm/s² (c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval (in days) required for the sail to reach the Moon, 3.84 x 108 m away, starting from rest at the Earth. days (d) What If? If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 340 km, show that a sail of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s².) m/s² (e) What would the mass density (in kg/m²) of…A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 5.20 ✕ 105 m2 and mass m = 6,800 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m2. (d) What If? If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 300 km, show that a sail of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s2.) m/s2 (e) What would the mass density (in kg/m2) of the solar sail have to be for the solar sail to attain the same initial acceleration as that in part (b)? kg/m2Let's try a few more examples that relate power and energy. A certain high-efficiency LED light bulb has a power output of 9.20 W. That is, 9.20 J of electric energy is converted to electromagnetic (light) energy and radiated away every second. How much energy is output by the lightbulb if it is left on for a total time of 7.50 hours? In this case, we're relating power to energy change, so we simply use the relationship E t P = Here, instead of work W, we use in the equation E, which is the amount of energy output or converted in the amount of time t. From this, what do we find the total energy output in joules to be? 33120 X x Solve the above equation for the energy E in terms of power P and time t. Remember that 1 W = 1 J/s, so to find the energy in joules, convert the time to seconds first. There are 60 minutes in one hour and 60 seconds in one minute. J
- A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail. Suppose a sail of area A 6.30 x 10 m² and mass m - 7,000 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m² (a) What force (in N) is exerted on the sail? (Enter the magnitude) (b) What is the sail's acceleration? (Enter the magnitude in um/s².) m/s² (c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval (in days) required for the sail to reach the Moon, 3.84 x 10 m away, starting from rest at the Earth days (d) What If? If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 400 km, show that a sall of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s².) m/s² (e) What would the mass density (in kg/m²) of the solar…A satellite in a circular orbit around the Sun uses a square solar panel as a power source. The edges of the panel are 2.127 m long. The panel is 24.91% efficient. The satellite is 5.101×107 km from the Sun. How much power does the solar panel provide to the satellite? Assume that the total power output of the Sun is 3.937×1026 W.On December 27, 2004, astronomers observed the brightest flash of light ever recorded from outside of our solar system. It came from a highly magnetic neutron star SGR 1806-20 (also know as a magnetar). During the 0.20 s burst, this star released as much energy as our sun would over a period of 250,000 years. If our sun outputs approximately Psun = 3.846x 1026 W, what was the average power output of this magnetar in terms of Psun?
- A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 6.40 ✕ 105 m2 and mass m = 4,900 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m2. A) If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 360 km, show that a sail of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s2.) B) What would the mass density (in kg/m2) of the solar sail have to be for the solar sail to attain the same initial acceleration of 1193 µm/s2.How much energy AE would be required to move the Moon from its present orbit around Earth to a location that is twice as far away? Assume the Moon's orbit around Earth is nearly circular and has a radius of 3.84 × 10° m. ΔΕ= JSunlight reaches the ground with an intensity of about 1.0 kW/m2 . A sunbather has a body surface area of 0.8 m2 facing the sun while reclining on a beach chair on a clear day. (a) how much energy from direct sunlight reaches the sunbather’s skin per second? (b) What pressure does the sunlight exert if it is absorbed?