A narrow spectrum antibiotic against Gram –‘s might target the ____________ whereas narrow spectrum drugs against Gram +’s might target the ______________.   Select one: a. Cell Wall/Cell Membrane   b. Cell Wall/Protein Synthesis   c. Cell Membrane/Protein

Antibiotic Zone of Inhibition A 15 mm B O mm 7 mm 15 mm a. Which antibiotic was most effective against the bacteria being tested? b. Which antibiotic would you recommend for treating a disease caused by this bacterium? c. Was antibiotic A bactericidal or bacteriostatic? How can you tell?

Which of the following statement about normal flora is INCORRECT?   Question 3 options: A On Sabouraud's agar, yeast will appear as small creamy colonies and mold will have large fuzzy colonies B Alpha and gamma hemolysis is produced by Streptococcus species C Normal flora never cause disease D A healthy person can carry pathogens like MRSA and Proprionibacterium acnes on our skin E The growth of S. aureus turns the color of MSA to yellow

26) Factors that affect tissue preservation include a. Speed of fixation Choice of fixative b. Sample size Volume of fixative c. d. e. All of the above

an agent that is bacteriostatic: a. kills algae b. kills bacteria c. inhibits the growth of fungi d. inhibits the growth of bacteria

endotoxins are: a. excreted from within the cell b. specific in their method of actino depending on the particular endotoxin c. associated with gram-positive bacteria d. part of a particular type of cell wall copmosed os lopolusaccharides e. none of the above

Describe (at the cellular level) how detergents like ostrasan and SDS (from solution 2 in the plasmid extraction) sterilize surfaces. (Answer for each detergent, give info about what it does at the cellular/molecular level.) A. Ostrasan B. SDS State your sources.

Biofilm formation begins when microbes attach to a surface using their.   A. Cell Wall B. Glycocalyx C. Flagella D. Cilia

Drug-resistant populations of microbes arise when __________________________. Group of answer choices a. exposure to drugs causes mutations in bacterial genes. b. exposure to drugs selectively kills sensitive cells, allowing overgrowth of resistant cells. c. exposure to drugs alters gene expression in bacteria. d. synergy between medications occurs. e. the patient becomes immune to the drug.

A B 12. The cells (above, A) were growing in the presence of "Drug X". After several hours the larger cell appears to deflate (B). What is the most likely target for Drug X? A. capsules B. peptidoglycan C. ribosomes D. cell membrane E. biofilms