A more constant and forceful source of power Steam engine (1787) first used in boats; (1804) first used in locomotives than sails on ships or horse-drawn carriages. Steam engines powered ships and railroads. Method of getting quinine from cinchona tree bark (1820) Treatment for the disease malaria Electric telegraph (1837) Communication over long distances Bessemer process (1855) Quicker and cheaper method of manufacturing steel, which was lighter and more durable than iron Maxim gun (1884) First machine gun Repeating rifle (late 1800s) A fastër-loading gun that was able to fire multiple shots more accurately than older muskets

During which century was most the technology in this chart invented? Which technological advancement cured a tropical disease? Which of the technological develop- ments gave European armies an advantage over African armies? Which of the inventions do you think would have been the most important for spreading European influence in Africa? How could this document be used to explain the primary cause of European imperialist in Africa? Are technological factors more of a primary cause of European imperialism in Africa than political reasons or national pride?