A melanosome (type of vesicle containing the pigment melanin) is transported towards the nucleus of the cell. The hydrolysis of ATP is involved with this movement. Identify the most likely motor protein and cytoskeletal filament involved with this transport.
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A melanosome (type of vesicle containing the pigment melanin) is transported towards the nucleus of the cell. The hydrolysis of ATP is involved with this movement. Identify the most likely motor protein and cytoskeletal filament involved with this transport.
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- Give two examples of biological functions that are enabled by microfilaments or microtubules together with associated motor proteins.These could be whole cell functions or functions within the cell.In animal and yeast cells, it appears that these vesicles travel from the main cell body to the region where the new division is forming by moving along actin filaments. What type/family of motor protein might you expect to be associated with these vesicles to facilitate this transport? Briefly explain your reasoning.An important aspect of cell metabolism is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane. Molecules generally move down an electrochemical gradient however in many instances the opposite is required. Explain how transporters can move molecules against their electrochemical gradient – discuss the mechanism of action of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pumps and sodium-glucose co-transporters in your answer.
- Determine whether the following statements apply to microtubules, intermediate filaments, or actin filaments."a. Thinnest cytoskeletal filaments; are associated with the motor protein myosinb. Consist of proteins twisted together into a ropelike formc. Allow certain cells to “crawl” and change the shape and size of the celld. Consist of protein subunits surrounding a hollow coree. Help a cell to resist mechanical stressf. Grow from the cell’s centrosome"Addition of which of the following would increase the rate of actin depolymerization on the minus end of the filament by dissociating ADP-actin? Othymosin-b4 O cofilin O ATP-G-actin O profilin O Cap ZBriefly describe how the components of the cytoskeleton filaments get to the right location in the cell for filament formation.
- Explain the structure of dynein and kinesin and how their structures aid in organelle movement within a eukaryotic cell. Explain the structure of a muscle fiber and how the two proteins, actin and myosin, function together to produce movement.What is not a similarity between motility of cilia/flagella and skeletal muscle? Group of answer choices: Both have cytoskeletal fibers arranged in a ring pattern Both involve motor proteins connected to a cytoskeleton "track" Both can produce movement Both require ATP hydrolysisRigor mortis (the stiffening of muscles fibers several hours after death) is directly due to the depletion of what energy source? This energy molecule is used to power a calcium pump that transports Ca2+ ions back into the endoplasmic reticulum where calcium ions are already at a high concentration.
- Typically, there is an ion gradient between the cytoplasm and the interior of synaptic vesicles. The ion gradient has a functional role. Which of the following statements best describes the ion gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane and its role? a.) There is a proton gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter into the vesicle. b.) There is a sodium gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter into the vesicle. c.) There is a proton gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter out of the vesicle. d.) There is a sodium gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter out of the vesicle.Microtubules are important for transporting cargo in nerve cell axons, as diagrammed in Figure Q17- 33. Notice that the two types of cargo are traveling in opposite directions. Which of the following statements is likely to be false? cell body microtubule axon Figure Q17-33 inward transport axon terminal The black cargo and the gray cargo require ATP hydrolysis for their motion. The gray cargo is attached to dynein. outward transport The black cargo and the gray cargo are moving along microtubules of opposite polarity. The black cargo moving toward the axon terminal contains a domain that specifically interacts with the tail domain of a particular kind of motor.Motor proteins require energy in the form of ATP. ATP hydrolysis results in a conformational change that allows the protein to move along microtubular tracks (pathways). What structural component of the motor protein contains the ATP binding site and, therefore, changes shape to enable movement? O the stalk O the portion of the molecule that binds to the vesicle being transported O the portion of the molecule that binds to the microtubular track along which the vesicle is being transported O a location midway between the vesicle binding site and the portion of the molecule that binds to microtubular tracks