A load P is supported by two steel springs arranged in series as shown. The upper spring has 20 turns of 20mm diameter wire on a mean diameter of 150 mm. The lower spring consists of 15 turns of 10 mm diameter wire on a mean diameter of 130 mm. Determine the maximum shearing stress in each spring if the total deflection is 80 mm and G = 83 Gpa. Use exact method.

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System of Forces

A force is an external influence or agent that changes the state of a system. According to Newton's second law, the force applied to a body is proportional to the change in momentum of a body. Hence, whenever a force is applied to a body, its momentum changes. If the body is at rest, under the action of force, its state of rest changes to motion. In other words, the magnitude of the momentum of the body changes from zero to a measurable value. Similarly, if the body possesses some initial velocity, it has some associated momentum, the effect of force can cause the body to halt or come to rest, that is, the momentum reduces to zero.