A ligand is bound to a protein with a spring-like square-law energy e(x), where x is the distance between the ligand and protein as shown in the figure. e(x) = }cx² Protein Ligand (a) For constant (T,V,N), write an expression for the probability distribution p(x) of the ligand separation from the protein. (b) Sketch a plot of p(x) vs x. (c) Write an expression for the average location of the ligand, (x). (d) Write an expression for the second moment of the location of the ligand, (x²). (e) Calculate the average energy, (e) of the system.

(a) when there are extra chloride ions in a solution, [CoCl4]2- complex ions can form, which are a different color than the Co2+ ions. Supposed 20% of the Co2+ ions form the complex ions when a student uses aqueous NaCl solution instead of Deionized water (he/she picked up the wrong bottom by mistake). How would the presence of [CoCl2]2- complex ions affect the % transmittance values the student reads from the spectrophotometer? Explain.    (b) how are the absorbance values changed?

Formation constant and Gibbs free energy For the complex formation reaction where Mis any metal and L is any ligand, M+ + 2L = [ML2]* Kr is the formation constant for the complex at equilibrium and AG is the Gibbs free energy change for the reaction at equilibrium. The formation constant (K) can be related to the Gibbs free energy change (AG°) for a reaction by the equation AG° = RT In Kr where T is the temperature in kelvins and R is the gas constant equal to 8.314 J K. mol. The complex formation is generally a spontaneous process; thus, the Gibbs free energy change is negative. Part B Calculate the formation constant for the formation of [Cu(en) (H2O)4 from (Cu(H20)6]+, given that AG° is -60.1kJ - mol at 298 K.

Which dn electron configurations are expected to undergo a Jahn–Teller distortion in a tetrahedral coordination compound? Explain your answer.

what kind of electronic transitions are responsible for the colours of the following species? For each case, state the type of the electronic transition, the orbitals between which the transition occurs and briefly explain the reason for your assignment.

If there is a reaction: x OH + a Br2 + b 102 → C Br + d 104 + y H2O Under alkaline conditions, the values of a, b, c, and d are ...........

Which is the strongest reductant: Al, Cu, I-, Al3+, Cu2+, or I2? Explain.