A human male named Phillip has an X chromosome that ismissing its Xic. Is this caused by a new mutation (one that occurredduring gametogenesis), or could this mutation have occurred in anearlier generation and be found in the somatic cells of one of hisparents? Explain your answer. How would this mutation affect hisability to produce viable offspring?

Carbon Copy (CC), the first cat produced from aclone, was created from an ovarian cell taken from hergenetic donor, Rainbow, a calico cat. The diploid nucleusfrom the cell was extracted and then injected into an enucleatedegg. The resulting zygote was then allowed to developin a petri dish, and the cloned embryo was implanted inthe uterus of a surrogate mother cat, who gave birth to CC.CC’s surrogate mother was a tabby (see the photo below).Geneticists were very interested in the outcome of cloninga calico cat because they were not certain if the cloned catwould have patches of orange and black, just orange, orjust black. Taking into account the Lyon hypothesis, explainthe basis of the uncertainty. Would you expect CC to appearidentical to Rainbow? Explain why or why not.

During embryonic development, what event causes one of the twoX chromosomes to be remain active, whereas the other one becomesan inactive X chromosome?

Most cells in a sexually reproducing organism have two sets of chromosomes. Explain this observation and describe its significance to meiosis.