A hollow shaft for marine applications has outer and inner diameters of 400 mm and 200 mm  respectively and transmits 8000 kW at 100 r/min. If this shaft is connected to a similar shaft, 1 m long, through a 10-bolt rigid flange  coupling, determine the minimum standard bolt diameter if the pitch circle diameter of  the coupling is pcd = 450 mm and the allowable shear stress in the bolts should not  exceed 55 MPa. 1.Determine the equivalent torsional stiffness of the shaft assembly

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A: For solution refer below images.

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.