A fiber has a core made from 86.5%SiO2-13.5%GeO, with a diameter of 8 µm and a refractive index of 1.468 and cladding with a refractive index of 1.464. Both refractive indices are for light with A= 1300 nm where the fiber is operated using a laser source with a half maximum width of 2 nm. (a) Calculate the V-number for the fiber. Is this a single mode fiber? (b) Calculate the wavelength below which the fiber becomes multimode. (c) Calculate the numerical aperture. (d) Calculate the maximum acceptance angle.

An optical fiber with a step-index profile has a core with a diameter of 4 µm. The core and shell indexes are approximately equal (¹¹₂), and the difference between them, An=n-₂, is such that An/n, 2%. Find the minimum wavelength inside the core, ^=/, for which the fiber operates as a single mode.

The diamond has a face-centered cubic crystal lattice, and there are eight atoms in a unit cell. Its density is 3.51 g cm -3 Calculate the first six angles at which reflections would be ob tained using an X-ray beam of wavelength 7.12 pm.

Tungsten is a very high density, high melting point, and hard metal. These properties are partially due to its body centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure. Tungsten has an atomic number of 74 and an average mass of 183.8u. (1u = 1.661x10-27 kg). X-ray diffraction experiments determine that the Bravais lattice has a characteristic length of 3.155 Å (This means each side of the cube shown below has a length of 0.3155 nm.) How many complete tungsten atoms are there in each BCC unit cell?

Light from a 100 mW laser with TE polarisation is incident at θI=60 degrees from air onto glass with refractive index nG=1.60 . Calculate the power transmitted into the glass. (Give your answer as power in mW, as a decimal with 1 d.p.)

Qs: Light impinges on a slab of glass in air at the polarization angle 0,. Assume that T = 1, the net transmittance is known to be 0.86, and the incoming light is unpolarized. (a) Determine the percent of the incident power that is reflected. (b) If 1000 W comes in, how much power is transmitted with its E-field perpendicular to the plane-of-incidence?. 18 Marks)

Atomic sodium produces two prominent spectral lines at 588.995 nm and 589.592 nm. Find the angular separation between these lines when observed in third order using a spectrometer with 2100 lines per cm. Include proper units.

Photons with a wavelength of 519 nm in air enter a plate of flint glass with index of refraction n = 1.66. Find the speed, wavelength, and energy of a photon in the glass. (a) speed (in m/s)  m/s (b) wavelength (in m)  m (c) energy (in J)

A laser delivers an irradiance of 105 W/cm2 in a certain target area. If you are working in this area and the MPE for this laser is given by Table 2-3 to be 0.005 W/cm2, what is the minimum OD for the laser goggles you should be wearing?