(a) Explain how the Nyquist stability criterion can be used to determine the stability of a closed-loop feedback system. Formulate the criterion for a system with no right-half plane open-loop poles. (b) Consider the Nyquist plot of the frequency response of the system G(jw) = 500 shown in Figure Q4 below. (jw+1)(jw+10)2 i) Explain how the gain margin can be obtained from the Nyquist plot and determine its approximate value from Figure Q4. What is the maximum value of an additional gain K for which the closed loop would still be stable?

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d) Figure 2 shows a Karnaugh map. Re-draw the k-map highlighting the optimum prime implicants and writing the derived equation Z. e) b=0 Z ef 00 01 11 cd 00 1 0 1 - - 10 10 11 01 1 10 b=1 ef 00 01 0 0 0 X X X 0 0 a=0 11 1 0 ☑ 0 0 X ☑ 0 x 10 0 X - 1 X 1 10 1 X X 0 X X 0 X 11 1 X X 0 X X a=1 01 0 0 0 0 X 0 00 cd 00 1 0 X 0 0 1 0 X Figure 2. K-Map Describe what is meant by a static zero hazard and where it may arise.

O II Schematic へGrapher Split 1.3536s Interactive 1 Triggered Single -PR1: V(1) PR2: V(2) PR1 v -17.877V PR2 v 4.2852V R1 750m 2.2KO 500m V1 24V 1kHz 0° 250m 3 V2 5V -250m REF1 REF2 -500m -750m -1 1ms/div Question 3: What did you observe on the output waveform (PR2) compare to the input waveform (PR1)? Question 4: What type of clipper does circuit 2 depicts? Explain your answer. Voltage (V)