(a) Draw the resonance forms of benzene, cyclobutadiene, and cyclooctatetraene, showingall the carbon and hydrogen atoms.(b) Assuming that these molecules are all planar, show how the p orbitals on the sp2 hybridcarbon atoms form continuous rings of overlapping orbitals above and below the planeof the carbon atoms

Draw the molecular shapes and predict the bond angles (relative to the ideal angles) of(a) BrF4-; (b) ClF4+; (c) PCl6-

Benzene is commonly regarded as a resonance hybrid of the two Kekule structures, but other possible structures can also contribute. Draw three other structures in which there are only covalent π bonds (allowing for bonding between some non-adjacent C atoms) and two st ructu res in which there is one ionic bond. Why may these structures be ignored in simple descriptions of the molecule?

In the hydrocarbon(a) What is the hybridization at each carbon atom in themolecule? (b) How many s bonds are there in the molecule?(c) How many p bonds? (d) Identify all the 120° bond anglesin the molecule. [Section 9.6]

In hydrogen isocyanide molecules (HCN), both carbon (C: 1s2 2s2 2p2 ) and nitrogen (N: 1s2 2s2 2p3 ) atoms undergo sp hybridization. (a) Use Orbital Hybridization theory to determine the molecular shape of HCN molecules. (b) Explain how the C atom binds to the N atom in HCN molecules.

How many [A] dand [B] T bonds are in the H2C=C=CH2 molecule?

(a) Draw Lewis structures for ethane 1C2H62, ethylene1C2H42, and acetylene 1C2H22. (b) What is the hybridizationof the carbon atoms in each molecule? (c) Predict whichmolecules, if any, are planar. (d) How many s and p bondsare there in each molecule?

An organic chemist synthesizes the molecule below:(a) Which of the orientations of hybrid orbitals shown below a represent in the molecule? (b) Are there any present that are not shown below? If so, what are they? (c) How many of each type of hybrid orbital are present?

Two isomers share the molecular formula C3H4. In Structure A two ofthe carbon atoms are sp hybridized and one carbon atom is sp3 hybridized. In Structure B, two of the carbon atoms are sp2 hybridized and one carbon atom is sphybridized. b)Draw “3D”-looking structures on paper, make a sketch of each of the isomers. (This should be a sketch of themolecules, not diagrams of overlapping orbitals!) Your drawing should show thecorrect molecular geometry around each carbon atom. [HINT: NEITHER of thesemolecules is planar!!! To draw them correctly, you will have to consider why!]

The drawing below shows the overlap of two hybrid orbitalsto form a bond in a hydrocarbon. (a) Which of the followingtypes of bonds is being formed: (i) C¬C σ, (ii) C¬C π,or (iii) C¬H σ? (b) Which of the following could be theidentity of the hydrocarbon: (i) CH4, (ii) C2H6, (iii) C2H4, or(iv) C2H2?