a) Draw a Lewis structure for PH3 in which all atoms except hydrogen obey the octet rule. Do not draw double bonds to oxygen unless they are needed in order for the central atom to obey the octet rule. 10 Do **** Y O DOD- 11*** b) Draw a Lewis structure for BrO4 in which all atoms obey the octet rule. Do not draw double bonds to oxygen unless they are needed in order for the central atom to obey the octet rule. Do not show ion charges in your drawing. *8 n[1 ChemDoodle 24 KO H Ⓡ Y
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
![**Instructions for Drawing Lewis Structures**
a) **PH₃ (Phosphine)**:
- Draw a Lewis structure for PH₃ such that all atoms except hydrogen obey the octet rule.
- Avoid drawing double bonds to oxygen unless necessary for the central atom to obey the octet rule.
[ChemDoodle drawing area for PH₃]
b) **BrO₃⁻ (Bromate Ion)**:
- Create a Lewis structure for BrO₃⁻ ensuring all atoms follow the octet rule.
- Do not include double bonds to oxygen unless needed for the central atom's octet compliance.
- Ion charges should not be shown in the drawing.
[ChemDoodle drawing area for BrO₃⁻]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fac048e26-edc8-46ba-8829-c16c07a7a6b4%2Fc858a6b6-2dd0-49a7-a762-cbef2b68f930%2Fd5opglp_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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