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Chemistry
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ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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A diode laser emits at a wavelength of 987 nm. (a) In what portion of the
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- A laser pointer used in the classroom emits light at 4950 Å, at a power of 4.00 mW. (One watt is the SI unit of power, the measure of energy per unit of time. 1 W = 1 J/s). How many photons are emitted from the pointer in 115 seconds?arrow_forward(a) Assign a proper spectroscopic symbol (spdf...) to each subshell having the following set of quantum numbers n and I. (b) Indicate the number of orbitals in each subshell. (c) What is the maximum number of electrons that can be assigned to each subshell? If the answer is "none", give your reasoning. (a) n= 6,1 = 0; (b) n= 3, 1= 2; (c) n= 2,1 = 2; (d) n= 5, 1= 1; (e) n= 4,1= 3;arrow_forwardArrange these three types of electromagnetic radiation—visible light, X-rays, and microwaves—in order of increasing(a) wavelength. (b) frequency. (c) energy per photon.arrow_forward
- Answer the following questions about a Blu-ray laser:(a) The laser on a Blu-ray player has a wavelength of 405 nm. In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum is this radiation? What is its frequency? (b) A Blu-ray laser has a power of 5 milliwatts (1 watt = 1 J s−1). How many photons of light are produced by the laser in 1 hour? (c) The ideal resolution of a player using a laser (such as a Blu-ray player), which determines how close together data can be stored on a compact disk, is determined using the following formula: Resolution = 0.60(λ/NA), where λis the wavelength of the laser and NA is the numerical aperture. Numerical aperture is a measure of the size of the spot of light on the disk; the larger the NA, the smaller the spot. In a typical Blu-ray system, NA = 0.95. If the 405-nm laser is used in a Blu-ray player, what is the closest that information can be stored on a Blu-ray disk? (d) The data density of a Blu-ray disk using a 405-nm laser is 1.5 × 107 bits mm−2. Disks have…arrow_forwardQuantum mechanics predicts that the energy of the ground state of the H atom is –13.6 eV. Insight into the magni- tude of this quantity is gained by considering several methods by which it can be measured. (a) Calculate the longest wavelength of light that will ion- ize H atoms in their ground state. (b) Assume the atom is ionized by collision with an elec- tron that transfers all its kinetic energy to the atom in the ionization process. Calculate the speed of the electron before the collision. Express your answer in meters per second (m s-') and miles per hour (miles h-1). (c) Calculate the temperature required to ionize a H atom in its ground state by thermal excitation. (Hint: Recall the criterion for thermal excitation of an oscillator in Planck's theory of blackbody radiation is that hv z kµT.)arrow_forward34. Between 1999 and 2007 the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer satellite analyzed the spectra of emission sources within the Milky Way. Among the satellite's findings were interplanetary clouds containing oxygen atoms that have lost five electrons. (a) Write an electron configuration for these highly ionized oxygen atoms. (b) Which electrons have been removed from the neutral atoms? (c) The ionization energies corresponding to removal of the third, fourth, and fifth electrons are 4581 kJ/mol, 7465 kJ/mol, and 9391 kJ/mol, respectively. Explain why removal of each additional electron requires more energy than removal of the previous one. <∞0\! 8 12arrow_forward
- 29. What are the (a) frequency, ins, and (b) wavelength, in nanometers, of the light emitted when the electron in a hydrogen atom drops from the energy level n = 7 to n = 4? (c) In what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is this light?arrow_forwardAn electron in the H atom moves from an unknown energy level to n = 2. The energyreleased in this process is 291.6 kJ/mol.(NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol–1)(i) Identify the unknown energy level. Show your calculations.(ii) Would this radiation be seen with the human eye? Explain with the aid of calculations.(b) Write ground-state electron configurations for the following substances:(i) Manganese(III) ion ____________________________________________________(ii) Phosphorus atom ____________________________________________________(iii) Chloride ion ____________________________________________________(c) Draw the following atomic orbitals: px orbital x2 y d 2 orbitalarrow_forwardHow many kilojoules of energy are contained in one mole of violet light photons of frequency 7.00 x 10^14 s -1 ?arrow_forward
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