A desert city's domestic water supply is mainly sourced from a desalination plant located on the coast. The desalination plant consists of three internal processes cach producing a different brine concentration as a by-product of the process. The treated water is supplied to the city at a flow-rate of 15 m'/s. Three different brine ponds collect the three brine streams previously mentioned. The brine ponds are linked to the Discharge Dam that ultimately discharges the effluent back into the sea. Brine pond I has a concentration of 12000 mg/1 of TDS. Brine pond 2 has a concentration of 14000 mg/1 of TDS. Brine pond 3 has a concentration of 20000 mg/l of TDS. To ensure that the water in the ponds does not spill, the ponds have to cach discharge a mínimum of 2 m/s into the discharge dam. There is a government regulation that effluent from desalination plants cannot be discharged with a TDS concentration of 8000 mg/1 or higher. The desalination plant hence dilutes the water in the Discharge Dam by pumping clean water with a background TDS of 500 mg/1 into the Dam. This water is sourced from a nearby upstream river. During a drought season the river's flow rate is reduced to 10 m'/s. a) Determine if there is enough flow within the upstream river to allow a 90% abstraction by the plant to obtain the required TDS concentration for discharge. b) Determine the minimum flow-rate required in the river to adhere to the regulation and be able to allow the 90% abstraction of the water for diluting purposes.
A desert city's domestic water supply is mainly sourced from a desalination plant located on the coast. The desalination plant consists of three internal processes cach producing a different brine concentration as a by-product of the process. The treated water is supplied to the city at a flow-rate of 15 m'/s. Three different brine ponds collect the three brine streams previously mentioned. The brine ponds are linked to the Discharge Dam that ultimately discharges the effluent back into the sea. Brine pond I has a concentration of 12000 mg/1 of TDS. Brine pond 2 has a concentration of 14000 mg/1 of TDS. Brine pond 3 has a concentration of 20000 mg/l of TDS. To ensure that the water in the ponds does not spill, the ponds have to cach discharge a mínimum of 2 m/s into the discharge dam. There is a government regulation that effluent from desalination plants cannot be discharged with a TDS concentration of 8000 mg/1 or higher. The desalination plant hence dilutes the water in the Discharge Dam by pumping clean water with a background TDS of 500 mg/1 into the Dam. This water is sourced from a nearby upstream river. During a drought season the river's flow rate is reduced to 10 m'/s. a) Determine if there is enough flow within the upstream river to allow a 90% abstraction by the plant to obtain the required TDS concentration for discharge. b) Determine the minimum flow-rate required in the river to adhere to the regulation and be able to allow the 90% abstraction of the water for diluting purposes.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Transcribed Image Text:A desert city's domestic water supply is mainly sourced from a desalination plant located on the coast.
The desalination plant consists of three internal processes each producing a different brine
concentration as a by-product of the process. The treated water is supplied to the city at a flow-rate of
15 m/s. Three different brine ponds collect the three brine streams previously mentioned. The brine
ponds are linked to the Discharge Dam that ultimately discharges the effluent back into the sea. Brine
pond 1 has a concentration of 12000 mg/l of TDS. Brine pond 2 has a concentration of 14000 mg/l of
TDS. Brine pond 3 has a concentration of 20000 mg/l of TDS. To ensure that the water in the ponds
does not spill, the ponds have to cach discharge a minimum of 2 m/s into the discharge dam.
There is a government regulation that effluent from desalination plants cannot be discharged with a
TDS concentration of 8000 mg/1 or higher. The desalination plant hence dilutes the water in the
Discharge Dam by pumping elean water with a background TDS of 500 mg/l into the Dam. This water
is sourced from a nearby upstream river. During a drought scason the river's flow rate is reduced to 10
m'/s.
a) Determine if there is enough flow within the upstream river to allow a 90% abstraction by the
plant to obtain the required TDS concentration for discharge.
b) Determine the minimum flow-rate required in the river to adhere to the regulation and be able
to allow the 90% abstraction of the water for diluting purposes.
c) The upstream river is polluted by a nickel processing plant which discharges waste into the
river upstream of the desalination plant. The desalination plant ultimately discharges the
majority of the river water back into the sea. There is a small fishing community that fishes
near the pipe discharge to the sea. Many people have reported illnesses at the nearby hospital.
An investigation was conducted and it was found that the nickel concentration in the sea was
0.085 mg/l. Given nickel's bioconcentration factor of 47 l/kg and following EPA exposure
factors, is it possible for the community to suffering from nickel poisoning?
Chronic Daily Intake of nickel (x10
mg/kg-d)
Human consumption risk level
Ideal
Acceptable
Tolerable
0.01
0.04
0.6
1.2
Unacceptable
d) Government officials have approached you to determine the regulatory limit for the
concentration of nickel in the sea. Determine the concentration and discuss how compliance
should be evaluated.
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