a) Coolant Flow Rate: Determine the required coolant flow rate. b) Radiator Sizing (Area): Establish the radiator size in terms of surface area, taking into account convective heat transfer between air and coolant. Guidance:

Consider a high-performance four-cylinder, 1.6-liter Spark-Ignited (SI) automobile engine operating at Wide Open Throttle (WOT) on a four-stroke cycle. The engine runs at 2000 RPM with a volumetric efficiency of 90%. It employs gasoline with an Air-Fuel Ratio (AF) of 15.5, exhibits a combustion efficiency of 95%, and assumes zero exhaust residuals. The targeted heat rejection rate to the coolant is set at 20%. For the preliminary design of the engine cooling system, utilising a 50/50 Ethylene Glycol-Water Mixture, you are tasked with the following calculations: a) Coolant Flow Rate: Determine the required coolant flow rate. b) Radiator Sizing (Area): Establish the radiator size in terms of surface area, taking into account convective heat transfer between air and coolant. Guidance: Conduct research to find reasonable values for parameters such as wall temperature, coolant thermostat temperature, coolant outlet temperature from the radiator, and convection coefficient in the radiator.