A composite insulating wall has a layer of red brick and another insulating brick held together by an aluminum rivet of 30mm diameter per 0.1m? of the surface. The red brick layer is 100 mm thick, with the hot surface at 225°C, and the insulating brick layer is 250 mm thick with the cold surface at 37°C. The thermal conductivities of the materials are: for the aluminum rivet = 203.6W/mK, for the red brick = 0.93W/mK and for the insulating brick %3D 0.116W/mK. Estimate the percentage increase in heat transfer rate due to rivets.

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1) A wall section composed from the outside to inside, of concrete brick 100mm thick, an air space of 50mm, two layers of fiberglass insulation 38mm thick, concrete block 150mm thick and air space of 19mm and a gypsum board of 13mm. The exterior conditions are -20C and RH=90% while the interior conditions are 23C and RH=40%. The surface temperature from the outside to inside are shown in the figure. The permeances are: Still Air: µ = 175 ng/pa.s.m Fiber glass: M=2560 ng/pa.s.m? Concrete block: M= 200 ng/pa.s.m? Gypsum board: M= 2000 ng/pa.s.m? Concrete brick: µ = 4.55 ng/pa.s.m Determine if there is a risk of condensation, and if there is, what is the condensation rate? What would happen if a vapor barrier (M=0.2 ng/pa.s.m²) was installed on the warm side of the insulation (Surface 4). 21с 19C 16 С 12C -10 -15C -18C -19C Gyp Air Concrete Fiber Fiber Air Concrete Outdoor Indoor sum block Glass Glass brick 230 19 50 mm -20C 13 150 mm 38 mm | 38 mm 100 mm RH=90% RH=40% mm mm Surf. 1 Surf.…

Steel pipe (outer diameter 100 mm) is covered with two layers of insulation. The inner layer, 40 mm thick, has a thermal conductivity of 0.07 W / (m K). The outer layer, 20 mm thick, has a thermal conductivity of 0.15 W / (m K). Pipes are used to deliver steam with a pressure of 800 kPa. The temperature on the outer insulation surface is 24 ° C. If the pipe is 10 m long, determine the following: (assuming that the conduction heat transfer resistance of the steel pipe and the vapor convection resistance are negligible). a. Heat loss per hour. = Answer kJ / hour. b. Temperature between insulation layers. = Answer ° C.