A cohort study is conducted to assess the association between clinical characteristic and the risk of stroke. The study involves n-1,250 participants who are free of stroke at the study start. Each participant is assessed at study start (baseline) and every year thereafter for five years. The following table displays data on hypertension status measured at baseline and hypertension status measured two years later. 1. s 2 Years: Not Hvpertensive 850 45 2 Years: Hypertensive 148 207 Baseline: Not Hvpertensive Baseline: Hypertensive Compute the prevalence of hypertension at baseline Prevalence - Compute the prevalence of hvpertension at 2 vears. Prevalence - Compute the cumulative incidence of hypertension over 2 years. Incidence

We are testing whether a particular program of low impact exercise can improve the cholesterol level of stroke patients. We enroll a group of stroke patients in our study, and after six weeks we measure their serum cholesterol level in mmol/L, resulting in the following data:  6.1 9.3 6.3 4 9 5.5 6.3 4.2 4.7 7.8 4.3 7.5 9.1 4.2 6.9 8.1 5.6 9.4 8.3 8.8 7.2 5.7 6.5 3.8 3.8 9 9.4 4.5 8 7 4.5 9.4 6.6 4.1 6.6 9.1 3.9 5.3 (a) Construct a 95% confidence interval. _______< u < ______ From an existing study, we know that the average cholesterol level of all stroke patients is 7 mmol/L. We want to know if the level in our patients is significantly different from this. (b) What is our Test statistic? ______ (c) What is the two-tailed p-value of this result? ______

In a population-based cohort study, an entire community was interviewed regarding smoking habits and then followed for one year. Upon ascertainment of all lung cancer deaths, the investigator obtained the following data:     Number of Individuals Lung Cancer Deaths Smokers 24,500 15 Nonsmokers 10,500 2   Calculate the risk difference per 100,000 per year. Round to the tenth decima

According to a 2006 survey conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), birth rates peak slightly between July and October each year. While a slight numerical increase in birth rates is often observed, this difference is assumed to be statistically non-significant. Thus, we would expect to see an equal number of people born during each month of the year in the United States. The "Birth Data.jasp" contains the birth months for 1380 babies (N = 1380) born during the year 2006 in the United States collected by the CDC. Conduct a Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test at α = 0.05, to see if the number of babies born each month “fits” with the CDC’s assumptions about the population.   Identify the correct null hypothesis.   A. H0: The number of babies born throughout the year is equal across all 12 months B. H0: The number of babies born during the summer months is greater than the number of babies born during the rest of the year C. HA: The number of babies born in…