A clinical trial tested the effectiveness of bupropion hydrochloride in helping people who want to stop smoking. Results of abstinence from smoking 52 weeks after the treatment are summarized in the table below. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that whether a subject smokes is independent of whether the subject was treated with bupropion hydrochloride or a placebo.

A scientist is studying the effect of a new type of exercise program on cardiovascular health. The scientist randomly assigns individuals to either the exercise program or a control group. The scientist wants to determine if the exercise program has a statistically significant effect on cardiovascular health. The scientist monitors cardiovascular health by measuring the blood pressure of each individual.  The type of program the individual experienced is which of the following? (Select all that apply) The Explanatory Variable Ordinal The Response Variable Categorical Binary Quantitative Categorical

In one study of smokers who tried to quit smoking with nicotine path​ therapy,38 were smoking one year after the​ treatment, and 32 were not smoking one year after the treatment. Use a 0.10 significance level to test the claim that among smokers who try to quit with nicotine patch​ therapy, the majority are smoking a year after the treatment. d. Calculate the test statistic z. Which of these options is closest to​ z?     A. negative 2.02     B. 0.72     C. negative 0.25     D. 2.59     e. Calculate the​ P-value. Which of these options is closest to the​ P-value?     A. 0.2358     B. 0.2164     C. 0.3359     D. 0.2271     f. State the technical conclusion     A. Reject Upper H 0     B. Do not reject Upper H 0     g. State the final conclusion     A. There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim.   B. There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim.…

Dr. Blake is interested in the effects of intoxication on driving ability. Participants are recruited and encouraged to consume one to four mixed drinks during a one-hour period. Dr. Blake records the number of driving errors made while the participants navigate a 20-mile course in a driving simulator and measures the participants' blood alcohol content at the end of the simulation. What statistical test should Dr. Blake use to analyze these data? a. one-way within-groups ANOVA b. one-way between-groups ANOVA c. chi-square test of indepandence d. Pearson correlation coefficient

A poll was conducted to investigate opinions about global warming. The respondents who answered yes when asked if there is solid evidence that the earth is getting warmer were then asked to select a cause of global warming. The results are given in the accompanying data table. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the sex of the respondent is independent of the choice for the cause of global warming. Do men and women appear to agree, or is there a substantial difference? 9 Human activity Natural patterns Don't know 66 64 Male 288 307 130 155 Female Click here to view the chi-square distribution table. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses. Ho: H₂₁: Compute the test statistic. ▼and and (Round to three decimal places as needed.) Find the critical value(s). are ▼are (Round to three decimal places as needed. Use a comma to separate answers as needed.) What is the conclusion based on the hypothesis test? Ho. There sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim…

Research indicates that there may be a relationship between caffeinated coffee consumption and risk of depression in women. Provided is data on the amount of caffeinated coffee consumed and whether the woman was diagnosed with clinical depression. Of interest is to see if there is evidence of an association between caffeinated coffee intake and clinical depression in women. What are the hypotheses? Caffeinated coffee     Depression <1 cup/wk >=1 cup/day 2-3 cups/day 4+ cups/day Total Yes 670 1278  564  95 2607 No 11545 22573  11726 2288  48132 Total 12215 23851  12290 2383  50739   A. H0: H0 is not true and there is no association between caffeine intake and depression in women B. There is no association between caffeine intake and depression in women and  H0 is not true C. Research indicates that there may be a relationship between caffeinated coffee consumption and risk of depression in women D. H0: There is an association between caffeine intake and…

A statistician changes her level of significance from .001 to .05.  What impact will this change have on her risk of making a Type I and Type II error?  Is the change in the level of significance a good decision?  Why or why not?

A team of epidemiologists at the Mayo Clinic wanted to find whether there is an association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). They conducted a prospective cohort study following obese and non-obese individuals who were free of CVD at the beginning of study for five years. The investigators were also interested in assessing age as a potential confounder, effect modifier, or both. Use the data below to answer the accompanying questions.     CVD No CVD Total Obese 10 90 100 Not Obese 35 465 500 Total 45 555 600       CVD No CVD Total Obese 36 164 200 Not Obese 25 175 200 Total 61 339 400   1. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were less than age 50.  2. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were older or equal to age 50.  3. Compute the crude measure of association?  4. List three attributes that age must satisfy before it could…

study is designed to investigate whether there is a difference in response to various treatments in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The outcome is patient's self-reported effect of treatment. The data are shown on the next page. Is there a significant difference in effect of treatment? Hint: Are severity of symptoms and treatment independent? Run the test at a 5% level of significance. Demonstrate the five steps for hypothesis testing and draw a conclusion based on your results. Remember to determine the p- value, if relevant. No Effect Symptoms Total Symptoms Worsened Improved Treatment 1 22 14 14 50 Treatment 2 14 15 21 50 Treatment 3 9 12 29 50